Component control gunshot wound products by stripping voltammetry

Stripping voltammetry is widely used for the determination of lead in various control objects, and the quantity of lead in objects with gunshot damage is of great interest in ballistic examination, for which spectral methods are commonly used. The paper shows the possibility of using stripping voltammetry to monitor product shot (lead and diphenylamine) and conduct voltammetric evaluation of the content of lead and diphenylamine at different distances in the material of the target. To explore the possibility of stripping voltammetry solving forensic tasks, experimental shootings were performed with a TOZ-78-01 5.6-caliber rifle, sports and hunting ammunition, and a Makarov gun at a variety of distances. Determination of lead was carried out in solution of 0.04 M formic acid on a mercury-film electrode with accumulation potential = -1.4 V. Diphenylamine was determined in the solution 0.1M KNaC4H4O6 · 4H2O at the glassy carbon electrode at a potential of accumulation = -0.1 V. For the purposes of determining the distance of the "close shot" on the distribution of lead and diphenylamine a more suitable target site is located 10-25 mm from the center of the damage. On the site of the target adjacent to the center, lead is deposited not only by exposure to the gaseous products shot, but also during the formation of the "belt wiping" by direct contact of a lead bullet with the edges that are burned, and in the area of the target is more remote from its center, the gaseous products shot have a much smaller impact. At the same time, the shot "at close range" deposited the lead differently than the shot from other distances, in addition to other indications of the specific distance of the shot. Similar patterns were observed in the distribution of diphenylamine in different parts of the target materials from a distance shot from a Makarov pistol. Stripping voltammetry is a method universal enough for quantitative analysis of trace elements having sensitivity and accuracy sufficient to address such complex and important tasks of forensic chemistry as determining shot distance by the concentration of certain elements in the target material.

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