Development of ideas about the structure of the table of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev

200 years have passed since the discovery of the first chemical element in the table of D.I. Mendeleev - hydrogen. Today, 150 years after the discovery of the periodic law, 118 of them are known. Currently, two variants of placing elements in the order of increasing charge of the nucleus of atoms are most widely used: the short and long-period methods of depicting the periodic system, which, in modern language, can be called a 2D image. The paper expands the understanding of the structure of the table of D.I. Mendeleev. It is shown that each period includes two rows of elements. In this regard, a zero series is introduced in the first period, in which it is proposed to place an electron, proton and neutron. In turn, each pair of periods forms a layer that corresponds to the introduced generalized quantum number m.

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