Fetishes - As and Tileg tos'es in outlook and rituals of Khakases (end XX - middle of XX century)

The aim of the article is to study patron spirits among Khakases in its material manifestation as fetishes "As" and "Tileg tos 'es". To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: determination of their sacred significance and the role of ideology and ritual practices of the people, the analysis of their external characteristics and detection of variations of their symbolic execution, and consideration of ways to ritual interact with this sacred object. The chronological scope of work covers the end of the XIX - mid XX centuries. Selection of temporal boundaries are caused primarily by the status of the database sources on the research topic. The main sources are archival and ethnographic materials. The work is based on comprehensive, system-historical approach to the study of the past. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods - scientific description, the specific historical and relic. Tos'es cult - is a phenomenon that has arisen and existed in a traditional environment, where the shape of the relationship between the world, visible (rational) and invisible (irrational) is characterized by the absence of rigid insurmountable boundaries. Moreover, in the religious-mythological consciousness of the people the idea of a red line runs direct intersection of these worlds, and as a result of their constant interaction with each other. Recurring violation of these relations, in the opinion of the faithful led to an imbalance in nature and human life. For the latter, this is turning into a variety of disasters and calamities. Ritual practices of traditional society in this case were focused on the restoration of the balance sheet and as a consequence, the resolution of contradictions arising between the worlds and the protection of the vital interests of the people. A huge role in this process was assigned to the ministers of worship, including shamans, as well as directly to tos'es. As and Tileg tos'es were surrounded by an aura of sacredness and enjoyed special respect. In the traditional consciousness, they were perceived as a powerful patron's spirits. This fact contributed to their general symbolization and fetishization. Several variants of the symbolic images of the deities were represented in religious trappings of the people. Multivariance considered fetishes determined subethnic specifics of their production from one group or another Khakases (sagayts, kachin and kyzylts). Localization of these idols in the house also had its own characteristics. Sacral function of As and Tileg tos 'es were extensive. They were endowed apotropical, healing and protection properties. The ratio of these special rituals, sacrifices expressed in periodic mandatory utterance of prayer requests, dedications sacred animal was form - yzyh's and other activities.

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