Soviet historical experience of the development of the Arctic in the mirror of contemporary problems

The purpose of the article is to compare the modern and soviet experience of the development of the Russian Arctic zone (AZ). The tasks of the article are to find out: 1) why the policy of development of the AZ turned out in the captivity of situational decisions? 2) how can the soviet experience of developing the AZ be useful? 3) where bottlenecks in the development and implementation of modern strategies in the AZ? The tasks are solved within the framework of the modernization and mobilization conceptual approaches, related to the dynamics and features of the all-Russian development. If the interrelation between the political, economic and social components of the development of the North is broken, the systemic links are broken, which leads to fragmentary modernization. The source base is the corpus of documents, related to the activities of the government, regional state bodies and scientific organizations on the development of the AZ. The materials of the periodicals and unpublished documents from the Tyumen archives are used. Conclusions of the article: 1) the industrial framework of the Russian Arctic today is made up of territorial-production complexes, created in the USSR. They were formed in accordance with the “General schemes for the development and deployment of the productive forces of the country and its regions”; 2) in the post-soviet period, the infrastructure of the Arctic turned out to be thoroughly destroyed, the number of settlements decreased by a third, the total population of the Russian Arctic was halved; 3) in the absence of a long-term program for the deployment of productive forces in the AZ, the government's decisions to allocate state funds will be dictated not so much by economic considerations and prospects as by political motives and immediate interests; 4) the institution of public-private partnership cannot yet be called effective: a) the state and private companies have their own interests and plans, and the government does not know how to balance them; b) the business does not trust the state, whose decisions are not transparent and there are no state guarantees of business security; c) private companies are engaged not in the development of the territory, but in the exploitation of rich deposits, more in their own interests than in the interests of the AZ, the country and the population. Without effective cooperation of the state, production and science within the framework of the long-term program for the development of regions, it is impossible to ensure the necessary result in the Arctic.

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