The role of the European External Action Service in Implementation of The Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union

The article examines the activities of the European External Action Service (EEAS) within the framework of the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The study is structured along two dimensions -chronological and structural. The chronological perspective traces the evolution of the EEAS from its establishment, marked by the signing of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, through to contemporary developments, including the adoption of the “Strategic Compass” security strategy in 2022 and the “Readiness-2030” defense funding program in 2025. The structural perspective analyzes the hierarchy and internal organization of the EEAS, its decision-making processes, and its areas of responsibility. The article begins by outlining the key innovations introduced by the Lisbon Treaty that shaped the CFSP and subsequently influenced the EEAS’s operations. It then details the Service’s early years, highlighting challenges such as limited authority, insufficient staffing, distrust from national foreign ministries of EU member states, and slow decision-making and coordination processes. This is followed by an analysis of the reassessment conducted in 2012 and the subsequent reform of 2013-2014. The structural review commences with an examination of the roles of the European Council and the Council of Ministers, followed by a comprehensive list of the EEAS’s duties and tasks. An overview of the leadership, bodies, and institutions within the Service, along with their respective functions and powers, is also provided. The study further explores ongoing challenges in the EEAS’s work, including the status of its representation in various organizations and difficulties in coordinating its expanding scope of responsibilities. In conclusion, the article posits that the delicate balance between intergovernmental and supranational approaches remains the foundation upon which complementary mechanisms can be built. While formal decision-making processes within the EEAS have remained largely unchanged, there is a noticeable evolution in approaches driven by informal networks and accumulated experience. The EEAS must align its efforts with the collective interests of EU member states rather than fostering competition. This analysis underscores the Service’s critical role in navigating the complexities of EU foreign policy amidst shifting geopolitical realities. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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