Deriving approximate circuits for TMR technique applied to synchronous sequential circuits

Triple-Modular Redundancy (TMR) technique is one of the conventional approaches to provide reliable functioning of logical circuits. In the frame of this technique three identical circuits are applied, their like outputs are connected with a voting circuit. Correct functioning of such system is guaranteed, if one of three circuits is fault. When using outsourcing it is possible to inject a Trojan Circuit in the same line of each identical circuits of TMR, and TMR technique becomes vulnerable. One way of confronting to vulnerability is connected with applying instead of identical sequential circuits two approximate circuits and one correct circuit that implements the proper functioning. The suggested approach guarantees absence of unprotected area that as a rule appears when using approximate circuits in TMR techniques. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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