Analyses of the text-forming potential of uniand bi-component utterances

The article deals with the questions connected with the text-forming potential of 2 special syntactic constructions: uni- and bi-component utterances. These are special units, that do not coincide with the structure of nominative constructions, characterized by the subject in nominative case and the predicate in the finite form of the verb. The potential of text formation of each of the constructions is manifested in the possibility to participate in the construction of a certain type of text and to take a specific meaning depending on it and perform a certain function. The study of Bi-component Utterances for clarity is carried out in comparison with uni-component ones. This article is an investigation of one of the aspects of such a grammatical phenomenon as Uni- and Bi-component Utterances, and is the next stage in the study of this syntactic phenomenon. These terms were proposed by prof. Yu.A. Levitsky, who, after Yu.S. Stepanov, suggested that the grammatical system of modern man is not exhausted by a nominative grammar, but represents a number of such systems historically formed in the process of the formation and development of a natural language. Yu.A. Levitsky put forward the hypothesis of "grammatical pluralism", that is, availability in the speech of modern man "other" grammars, alternative higher, nominative, which in most cases serves as the only measure in the study of syntax. Each of the allocated "alternative" grammars, of which there are altogether four (protogrammatics, communicative grammar, actant-role grammar, nominative grammar), is the answer to the linguistic question that always faces a human being - what to say and how to say it. In the course of the historical development of the natural language, each of these grammars suggested a way to implement the mechanisms underlying the language, that is, according to Yu.S. Stepanov, nominations, predications and locations. At the same time, the "relic" syntactic forms did not disappear with the appearance of other forms that were more perfect from a formal point of view, but took their place in the grammatical system of modern man. In addition to statements based on sentences of a formal syntactic (nominative) structure, where it is necessary to have the subject in the form of a noun (pronoun) in the nominative case and a predicate in the form of a verb in a personal form, there are constructions that are based on other types of sentences: uni-component, bi-component, role statements. Each of them is a unit of the corresponding grammar. Thus, a uni-component "sentence" is a unit of protogrammar. Bi-component -communicative grammar. Sentences with subject in the form of an oblique case are units of an actant-role grammar. It should be remembered that the basis of the theory of alternative grammars is the statement about a clear distinction between the concepts of the sentence and the utterance, according to which the sentence is a unit of language (invariant), and the utterance is a unit of speech (one of the possible variants). Here it is appropriate to recall the words of G. Guillaume: "The expression of thought requires language, so that it already has a gen- eral idea of what is conceivable or, in other words, a general representation of the vision of the world". As such a "general representation" is the model of the sentence, which certainly refers to the language; as a formal expression of thought - anutterance. The speaker's logic is simple: he needs to express himself as accurately as possible in accordance with the communicative (pragmatic) task. Various means can be used to achieve this goal. In this case, the utterance is simply a way of expressing, and it can not be worse or better, it can be more suitable or less suitable for certain conditions of language use. The task of the linguist here is to collect, generalize and theorize, as far as possible, disparate facts; look on the other side; See how it actually works, not how it should work.

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