Methodological approaches to the research of vocabulary of the city speech

The research has been carried out in the sociolinguistic aspect, the starting idea of which is the study of a language in its mutual influences, interrelationships and interaction with the social context. Taking into account the described regular correlations between language and extralinguistic reality, the authors experimentally prove that the social markedness of the language stratification is not manifested in the isomorphism of the social structure of society and the functional division of language or their mutual determination: the real relations are much more complex and depend on many factors. The article represents the results of experimental research of the complex processes of the principal language units interaction, namely words and different systems of human cognitive structures (knowledge, perception, memory). Herewith, social-group dialect, an invariant feature of socially marked language subsystem incorporating code or code set and their realization, is related to as a uniting method. Social-group dialect is a complex of language codes which the individuals united by some stratum possess. The term "stratum" is a fundamental feature of a definite group of people, which can have social, physiological and biological nature. Different specific and composite models of the social-group dialect are represented. In the research modeling of a social-group dialectis actualized with statistic methods: analyses of frequency of use or reproduction of the items being studied, in speech of this or that social group and the procedure of variance analysis of the factors influencing force adapted to the language material. The application of the diverse methods allowed the most complete presentation of the essence of the object of the study. The partial model "gender" has been constructed and described during the analysis of the use of localisms and archaisms; the partial model "age" has been constructed and described during the analysis of the process of memorizing a number of words; the summary model of urban sociolects of the Perm Territory has been constructed and described, it has been designed taking into account five strata. It has been proved that the social characteristics of a speaker are the driving forces of human speech behavior. They leave an imprint on a person's speech and other cognitive processes. It has also been proved that social structures and language are dynamic, not static, phenomena. The study of the vocabulary of the urban speech included the leading strata of sociolect: both biological factors (gender and age) and social (occupation, place of birth, education). It is these strata that brightly define the speech behavior of a person. And a sociolect as an invariant system of speech production is born at the intersection of these strata.

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