Logic techniques and educational technologies of foreign language training of students technical university

With regard to the foreign language training of students of a technical university, technologization is extremely important, since it brings confidence in guaranteed positive results of training, based on the optimal saturation of the educational process with modern technologies using active forms in practice and individualization of education. There are several dozen educational technologies of foreign language training, which are quite effectively used in the practice of technical universities. This testifies to the rich arsenal of a foreign language teacher, which makes it possible to take into account the specifics of the profile of each educational program and each specific university, but requires him to make serious efforts to ensure the humanization of the educational process, active search and conscious practical application of innovative methods and technologies of training during classes with students, taking into account the specifics of a technical university and, above all, the methodology of natural sciences, to which students and graduates are oriented. In the humanities, for example, mathematical methods have been effectively and efficiently used for a long time, while the exact sciences, on the contrary, have recently increasingly gravitated towards the humanitarian sphere, actively paying attention to the role of man in production and research. Despite this, the mutual accusations of representatives of the humanities and exact sciences do not stop for being carried away by verbosity in describing or, on the contrary, excessive formalization of phenomena. In line with what is happening, the problem of choosing from a line of known or developing new educational technologies for a given stage of teaching a foreign language to students of a technical university is becoming more acute, taking into account the individual characteristics of students. The choice of educational technologies as a process of searching for conditions for motivation, learning management and a rational combination of methods, methodological techniques, organizational forms of training and didactic tools with a simultaneous focus on both the individual characteristics of the students' personalities and the creative capabilities of the teacher cannot be unambiguous, since it is not based on a simple comparison of various options for combining content, organizational forms, teaching methods and techniques, but should take into account a number of objective and subjective factors that affect the effectiveness of the educational process and require additional research. Researchers often analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of educational technologies in the work of universities and conduct their comparative assessment. At the same time, they take into account: generalization and applied orientation, the type of management of cognitive activity, organizational forms, the prevailing method, the category of students, but the specifics of the educational process of a technical university are not taken into account. There is a growing interest in developments aimed at finding fundamentally new algorithms for such a choice, taking into account both the individual characteristics of students and the requirements of the time and modern risks and challenges in the development of higher technical education. In this regard, in the course of the study, a general characteristic of educational technologies is consistently given, known variants of their classification are considered, the educational environment of a technical university is analyzed as a platform for didactic contradictions between the exact and humanitarian sciences, where foreign language training has a special status in the process of forming a competence portrait of a graduate. To solve the problem, the authors propose their own classification of educational technologies for foreign language training of students of a technical university according to a logical criterion - the dominant logical method, the role of which is played by deduction, induction, reduction and abduction. Some results of the selection of some technologies of foreign language training are given, according to which the traditional teaching of students in a foreign language taken from the classical Soviet system of higher education, to the group of inductive - problem learning and case technology, to reductive - game technologies, to abductive - “flipped learning” and CLIL-technology. On the site of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R.E. Alekseev, with the direct participation of the authors, a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of educational technologies for foreign language training of students belonging to different groups according to the proposed typology was carried out. The authors come to the conclusion about the special role of abductive educational technologies, which, in their opinion, are a trend in the foreign language training of a modern technical university.

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