Interaction oflanguages and cultures in the Upper Silesian area of Poland on the example of the lexical group with the meaning “food”

The proposed article is devoted to the interaction of languages and cultures in the Upper Silesian area of Poland on the example of the slonsko godka dialect. When two languages find similarities in categories, constructions, or forms of expression, they show several types of similarities, explained by universal trends in the development of languages; random coincidences of forms; diffusion due to intensive contacts of the frontier population; origin from one linguistic ancestor; parallel development. Linguistic coincidences usually fit into the areal conditions of the situation. The analyzed dialect material is presented in a multicultural area on the territory of Poland, however, due to historical events, it included the linguistic influence of other ethnic groups: German and Czech cultures had a very significant impact on the culture of Polish Silesia. The dialect formed and got its name after the First World War and, despite the influence of standard Polish, continues to be used in the region. Borrowings in this area could occur due to the contacts of the population of different ethnic groups that have some mutual linguistic competence in the strip of ethnic boundaries. The aim of the study is to describe the vocabulary of the thematic group "food" in the Upper Silesian dialect of Poland and to show the connections of dialect words with the surrounding languages. In total, 138 Polish, Czech, German and the slonsko godka dialect lexemes were collected and considered in six semantic groups, five of which are the names of different products and dishes, and one is the names of alcoholic beverages. The lexemes of the slonsko godka dialect (34 in total) show greater overlap with German lexemes. In this study, an interdisciplinary approach was applied, taking into account sociolinguistic and ethnolinguistic methods. The analyzed language material is considered in the context of the language situation - one of the key concepts of sociolinguistics, since a certain area is discussed here, historically connecting several ethnic communities. The study managed to apply the sociolinguis-tic method of participant observation, implemented by one of the authors - Anna Mar-zol, a native speaker of the Polish language and the slonsko godka dialect. The ethno-linguistic component of the research is connected with semantics, namely with the categorization of the lexical group "food" on the basis of empirical classification, i.e. based on the everyday experience of a dialect speaker.

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