From the experience of learning the language and culture in the classroom foreign language (at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century)

Learning a foreign language is more than just learning the language, but also the culture of the people who speak the language without which productive intercultural communication is impossible. Nowadays teachers have many technical resources at their disposal, the visual content of which makes access to cultural facts not only interesting, rich in different information, but also fast and productive. The aim of the article is to present historical facts about how the culture of the German people was studied in German language lessons at national educational institutions at the turn of 19-20 century. The scientific novelty of the article is the systematization of information and identification of some methodological techniques, which allowed students to get acquainted with the life of the German people, the history of the country and its culture. The research was based on publications in some pedagogical journals of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the analysis of which allowed to reconstruct the process of co-learning of language and national culture. The article presents experience of using art reproductions by German and Austrian artists: Hans Thom, Mark Liebermann, Konstantin Meunier, Hans von Bartels, Ludwig Detmann, Adrian Ludwig Richter, Peter Philippi, Adolf von Menzel, Moritz Ludwig von Schwind, Franz von Lenbach, Franz von Defregger and other famous masters in the process of learning German. It is noted that at the end of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th centuries the process of a foreign language teaching entered a new phase, as this period was marked by such a powerful innovation as the use of visual teaching aids. This was facilitated by the emergence of a natural method of teaching a foreign language, when its study began to occur naturally, in a conversation, at first elementary, then more complex, but certainly with the use of visualization. The statements of authoritative domestic and foreign teachers of the past about the importance of using visual aids during the educational process are quoted. First of all, special attention is paid to the demonstration of art works, their role in cultural and historical teaching and aesthetic impact on students. The data on the origin of the idea of artistic education are given. German publishing houses that published special magazines, illustrated textbooks, sets of thematic paintings, which were subsequently used in the classroom are mentioned. The emphasis is made on the history of the formation of domestic art education. Specific examples of the use of art works in the process of reading German literature are given that helped to understand the studied work and to comprehend a different culture. Also students got acquainted with famous German and Austrian artists and their works, which gave a clear picture of the German people life. The role of the teacher in the artistic education is shown. It was concluded that the demonstration of art works at German lessons contributed not only to improve language acquisition, enrichment of vocabulary, but the cultural aspect of artistic education was no less important - acquaintance with the culture of the people whose language was being studied, developing feelings of beauty, educating interest and love to art The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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