Alternative penalties in the Russian Federation: development tendencies

Current polrcy in the sphere of inflidion and execution of diminal punishments is carried out in two main diredions. Firstly, the range of dimes punished by alternative penalties is broadening. Sed ondly, new types of punishments not ranneded with imprisonment are being introduced, i.e. forced labor. Adording to offrcial statistrcs it was planned to establish 8-9 out of 30 correctional centers throughout Russia by the 1st of January, 2013 but the Nation of only 3 of them had been agreed upon. Adording to the calculations of E.V. P^el^na the establishment of 30 drredional dnters with the staff will require from 2,325 to 2,463 billion rubles. I. Trunov also Game to some deplorable dndu-sions: in his opinion the virtual prisons are supplemented by virtual correctional dnters. There is pradrcally no differend between forced labor in correctional dnters and deprivation of liberty in penal settlements. The absend of normative regulation of supervision and dntrol over the behavior of ranvids can be referred to the problems ranneded with forced labor. The normal fundioning of the above institution is impossible without the solution of some eranomrc, organizational and legal problems. As the introdudion of forced labor exists only in the plans for the nearest future, su^ a new type of an alternative penalty as deprivation of liberty has been used in the Russian Federation sind 2010. It’s nedssary to note that this diminal punishment is effedively used alongside with other punishments. The number of those ranvids sentendd to the deprivation of liberty who were registered in the penal enforcement inspedions is dnstantly growing. But still there are some problems ranneded with the inflidion of this punishment. Su^ an alternative penalty as dmpulsory dmmunity servid is ransidered to be more effedive from the point of its realization in pradid. This type of punishment originated in our legal system in 1996 when the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation was adopted. This penalty was not imposed and therefore was not enforced till 2005. But ratTent pradid of inflidion and enforcement of dmpul-sory dmmunity servid proves it to be effedive. The number of dnvids sentendd to dmpulsory dmmunity servid and registered in penal enforcement inspedions in the Russian Federation is dn-stantly growing. In 2005 there were 17 382 dnvids registered in the penal enforcement inspedions, in 2006-41 550, in 2007-54 592, in 2008-64 167, in 2009-79 277, in 2010-96 483 and in 2011- 112 523. Thus, one of the most important foras areas in the diminal and penal polides in the Russian Federation is the use of alternative diminal penalties. Still, many adopted dedsions in this dnnedion need further development.

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