The peculiarities of speech of the representatives of separate psychological types that indicate falsehood during interrogation

Speech is the most spread way of communication and information transfer from one person to another one. Oral speech of any person has a permanent set of audible, lexical, phraseological features and is characterized by a definite level of emotionality. One of the most important sources of information in the course of investigation is oral evidence of suspects, witnesses and injured parties. An investigator obtains the above evidence during communicative investigative actions e.g. during interrogation. Having known the peculiarities of oral speech of the interrogated person, the investigator can conclude about his/her emotional status; he can choose the right tactics to encourage a witness to give true evidence and can detect false information. Interrogation is a process of obtaining evidence from the person who has some significant information for the investigation. The problem is that nowadays both suspects and witnesses contact with the investigator unwillingly and rarely speak the truth. Moreover, the development of society, abundance and availability of information have resulted in the increase of mental capacity of both investigators and criminals. Thus, it is necessary to search for the new methods of investigation including the influence on the interrogated person in order to obtain the reliable information on the case. One of such methods is the interaction of criminalistics with psychology, linguistics and psycholinguistics to develop the criminalistics study about a criminal and to use a typological approach. To study a criminal is one of the main directions in criminalistics and it encourages the search for new objects of analysis to obtain reliable and criminalistically significant information about a criminal. Thus, speech is one of such objects and it serves as the source of information about crimes, contains personally important information and reflects the personal characteristics of the interrogated person. The advantage of the criminalistics examination of oral speech based on a typological approach is its availability both for investigators and scientists.

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