Constitutional and legal development of credit cooperation in the Russian History

In modern legal and cooperative theory, credit cooperation is treated as a form of organization of social and economic activity of credit institutions. With the active participation of citizens to provide financial assistance to the poor. The development of credit cooperation in Russia is considered at three historical stages: pre-revolutionary, pre-war and modern. The first credit society was organized by the Luginin family in 1865 in the village of Rozhdest-venskoye, Kostroma region. The charter of the cooperative was developed according to the type of the Schulze-Delicheskogo savings and savings partnership. Due to the difficult economic situation in the country, the experience of the Luginins was not widely spread. Since the mid-90's. XIX century. the economic recovery began, which led to the revival of credit cooperation. A number of state documents on small credit institutions are adopted, the General Cooperative Law. The Moscow People's Bank (MNB) is opened to service credit cooperatives. Having made the revolution, the Bolsheviks did not have a clear program in relation to credit cooperation. Closed and nationalized credit partnerships, requisitioned property, liquidated by the MNS. The adopted legal acts did not contribute to the development of credit cooperation. In the early 20-ies. XX century. a severe economic crisis broke out. The government announced the transition to a new economic policy (NEP). This time was the best for the activity of credit cooperation in the Soviet era. The intensification of the processes of industrialization and collectivization, the abolition of the NEP, the credit reform of 1930, destroyed credit cooperation for many years. During the war and the post-war period, this type of cooperation did not exist. In the 80-ies. there were interruptions with food, which became a state problem. Private agricultural production was introduced, which required lending. In Russia, the legal framework for the operation of credit cooperatives was established, and a number of cooperative laws were adopted, including in 2009 the Federal Law "On Credit Cooperatives". Forming credit systems - consumer and agricultural, which are controlled by the state and are guaranteed by the Constitution and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Fulfilling economic functions, credit cooperation simultaneously solves social problems, being an important institution of civil society.

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