Situational aspects of studying the identity of a suspect (defendant) under the investigative actions with his participation

The object of research of this article is the problem of application of situational approach to the solution of a tactical and criminalistic problem of studying the identity of a suspect (defendant) when carrying out the investigative actions with his participation. Having studied the potential of a situational approach in criminalistics, the author highlights the limits and possibilities of its use when studying the identity of a suspect (defendant). A system construction of an investigative situation including the components of psychological, information, procedural, tactical, material, organizational and technical character is analyzed. It is shown that when studying the identity of a suspect (defendant) during the investigative actions with his participation, the information component of an investigative situation proves to be the main thing. In a concrete investigative situation, the information about the person under study can be structured in a definite way according to the criteria of criminalistics. In the course of an investigative action the investigator focuses attention on valuable and semantic structure of the identity of a suspect (defendant) and this can give a wide range of information about him: for example, the results of direct observation of behavioral reactions of a suspect (defendant) to sudden questions and physical evidence. The investigative situations developing in the conditions of tactical influence concerning the suspect (defendant) who is involved in investigative action are subject to assessment as assessment result, and as assessment prospect, due to the circumstance that the data about the identity of suspect (defendant) obtained by the investigator during the investigation can always be specified and added. The analysis of the information component of an investigative situation when studying the identity of the suspect (defendant) participating in investigative action makes sense if it is applied to a separate action and in relation to investigation in general. In this regard, the variety of qualitative characteristics of separate types of investigative situations of interaction between the investigator and suspect (defendant) is worth paying attention to. The prospects for application of a situational approach when studying the identity of the suspect (defendant) involved in investigative actions include the establishment of typical investigative situations, which include the information component covering the data on the attitude of the person under study to the investigation, about his readiness for a constructive interaction with the investigator.

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