Problems of engagement and employment of disabled people in the Russian Federation

The article deals with the main problems of employment of disabled people in the Russian Federation the solution of which being one of the urgent tasks of the Russian social policy according to the requirements of the Convention of the UN about the rights of disabled people. A legal definition of the concept "disabled person" is given in Article 1 of the Federal law "About Social Protection of Disabled People in the Russian Federation". A disabled person is a person with health problems characterized by a permanent disorder of functions of an organism caused by diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to limitation of activity and causing the need of his social protection. Limitation of activity is a full or partial loss by the person of either the ability or possibility to self-care, to move independently, to focus, to communicate, to control the behavior, to study and work. According to the Federal Law Russian Federation "About social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation", disabled people have the right to social protection and social support provided by the system of economic and legal measures guaranteed by the state to ensure the conditions for overcoming, replacement (compensation) of limitations of activity and opportunities for the participation of disabled people in social life on an equal footing with other citizens. In particular, these measures involve engagement and employment of disabled people, medical care and drug assistance, easy access to information and to the objects of social infrastructure, social service. Ensuring life sustaining activity of disabled people is realized first through rehabilitation, i.e. the system of medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and economic actions directed at elimination or perhaps fuller compensation of the limitations of activity because of health problems accompanied by permanent disorder of functions of an organism. The purpose of rehabilitation is to achieve economic independence and social adaptation of disabled people. Results. The standards of current legislation, data of sociological research and statistical data were analyzed. The Russian and international experience in the development of social policy in relation to the persons with limited opportunities in the sphere of engagement and employment was studied. Findings. It is necessary to amend current legislation about social protection of disabled people and primarily in the sphere of quoting jobs, elimination of abuse of the right of disabled people in the course of employment, creation of specialized enterprises for disabled people and preferential taxation.

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