Search and cognitive activity and search activity: the tactical and criminalistic aspect of the correlation of concepts

The paper attempts to overcome the formal and semantic imperfection of the concept of " search and cognitive activity". Being one of the system-forming criminalistic concepts, it nevertheless includes a pronounced imperfection, because the inclusion of a part of the phenomenon (search) and the whole phenomenon (cognition) in one concept. Indeed, search is always a structural element of the cognitive system. The main idea of the article is to identify two semantic components in the concept of "search and cognitive activity": methodological and practice-oriented, separating two opposite constructions and formalizing them in two different concepts. We consider it expedient to understand search and cognitive activity as a methodological concept and as a practice-oriented concept. Search and cognitive activity as a methodological concept is "practical investigative science". In the system of "search and cognitive" activity, as in the beginning, the main methodological emphasis is on the "cognitive" component. Criminology, of course, is not an applied field of knowledge (if using the term "applied" science is at all appropriate), which does not need its own theory, but this does not change its practice-oriented nature. In the science of investigation, all concepts, directly or through a range of other concepts, should be applied to the practice of investigating crimes. Criminology as a pure science is nonsense. Summing up the above, we will formulate a number of conclusions: • search and cognitive activity in criminology is identical in content to cognitive activity, and in terms of goal-setting, it orients us to solving problems of practical investigative science.; • the transition in criminology from such undoubtedly important reference points in cognition as nature, essence and tasks, and therefore the use of ideographic methods (characterized by a tendency to refinement) to the category of activity, and therefore the use of nomothetic methods (characterized by a tendency to generalization) is a consequence of the evolutionary development of criminalistic knowledge; • The above makes it optimal to use the term search and cognitive activity in solving theoretical problems and the term search (with subsequent elaboration) for solving specific applied problems.; • separate analysis of the main directions of search and cognitive activity is necessary; • using the dominance of a specific type of cognitive activity in the content of a particular investigative group as the basis for classification, all investigative actions are divided into four main groups - communicative, exploratory, experimental, and research. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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