On dictionaries of folk etymologies and motivational associations as reflection of ontological features of Russian lexical units

The article presents results of studying Russian motivated and non-motivated words. The analysis is done from the point of view of their lexicographic representation in dictionaries of folk-etymological reflections and dictionaries of motivational associations. The author shares the understanding of vocabulary lexicographing as a linguistic approach to its studying. The article deals with the features of motivated and non-motivated words which determine the choice of words for the mentioned dictionaries and the structure of the dictionary entry. The article includes the full wordlist of the dictionaries which was formed in the multiannual studying and lexicographing of Russian motivated words. Different variants of word selection, the structure of the vocabulary entry in dictionaries of folk-etymological reflections and dictionaries of motivational associations are considered. Against this background, different theoretical problems of Russian motivology and cognitive linguistics are discussed. In particular, the contours of the Russian motivated and non-motivated words typology are outlined. Reasons for motivational associations and reflections and their connections with the systemic organization of Russian vocabulary are identified and described. The article shows the complex and contradictory character of relationship between folk-etymological reflections and motivational associations. It is pointed out that motivational associations appear due to the spontaneous actualization of words-reactions in the language consciousness of the informants. Such motivations serve as an impulse for the realization of etymological reflection which is "in the bright field" of the informant's language consciousness. The association of the word VYKHUKHOL' [muskrat] with the word KHOKHOL-KHOKHOLOK [crest] allows the informant to explain the name origin by suggesting that this animal has a crest, association with NAKHOKHLIT'SYA [raise feathers, fur] is connected with the image of a ruffled animal. Thus, the model of "etymological trust" belonging to the naive meta-language consciousness is realized. The transition from occasional motivization and etymologization to usual, including their systemic manifestation, is a long process. Surveys and associative experiments preceding the dictionary show actual mechanisms of the initial stage of this process. The article offers experimental methods of receiving etymological reflections and motivational associations. The experiment shows the individual consciousness in situation associations and reflections, but the dictionary shows the transition from single reactions to mass reactions which discover the linking of folk etymology with the derivation-motivation system of language. This linking goes from the situation speech acts of folk etymology to the establishment of new motivation connections. Thus, the word SVIDETEL' [witness] "breaks" the semantic connection with the verb VEDAT' [know] and establishes it with the verb VIDET' [see]. Spontaneous associations of non-systematic type present the reaction of language to excessive ousting of the morphemic-motivational aspect of words from its speech operation. It proves the potential significance of the sound aspect of the word.

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