Speech genre of autobiographical story as a fragmentof encyclopaedia of speech genres

The article describes an innovative type of dictionary - encyclopaediaof speech genres of the Russian language; the problem of its creation has only been statedin modern Russian linguistics, but has not been solved.On the basis of the analysis of the speech genre of autobiographical story in dialectcommunication and obtained results the sample of speech genres encyclopaedia entry isproposed:Autobiographical story (AS) in dialect communication is a comprehensiveinformation-setting speech genre, the oral story of life from birth until the moment ofcommunication (as a rule, provoked).A typical AS provides information about the year and place of birth, the family, wherethe speaker was born, parents, family farm, about moving, relocation, the events in his/ herpersonal life, occupations, children and their fate, and life in present. The author has theright of choice and selection of events for the story of his/ her life.The texts are characterised not only by the traditional message of facts, but also byadditional information to the story of the events of his/ her life, stories about cases,fragments, after which it is not always possible to return to the main narrative.Chronology of events can be broken; the story of the past events can be replaced bythe narrative of life in the present and vice versa. The narrative is by the first person.The speech genre of AS is structured by concepts life and work. One of thefeatures of life representation in AS is interpenetration of these two concepts.Main means, which form the genre, are the personal pronoun I, verbs in the pastform, most frequent of them is the verb to be born, and other structures indicating theexistence of the person, verbs and constructions that represent activities of human labourfor life.The story of the past events can be conducted by using the verbs in the form of pastand present. The means forming the genre are numerals, proper nouns (anthroponomy,toponyms), lexical units that represent names of kinship, units of the lexical-semantic fieldeducation and memory.AS of men are primarily characterized by greater detail of the story of work, while asmaller part of the narrative is devoted to the family. Womens AS, are mainly focused onstories of family formation, family, work. Autobiographical stories of women include moreevaluative statements and are distinguished by presence of proverbs, folk songs. Male textscontain many facts and place names, dates with year, month, day of an event.

Keywords

Authors

References