The national-cultural component in the semantics of words and ways of presenting it in a database of pragmatically marked vocabulary

Among the most significant current issues in the field of structural, systematic and communicative description of lexical meanings are identification of pragmatically marked lexical units, classification of various micro-components comprising the larger structure of the pragmatic macro-component within the lexical meaning, and study of their communicative potential. The solution of these theoretical problems is considered as a necessary condition of creating appropriate models for lexicographic description and typology of a Pragmatically Marked Lexicon within active type dictionaries or / and in special computer databases. In the present investigation the attention is drawn to such essential problems of pragmatic semantics as the "speaker - language sign" interrelations. The problem that demands a combined systematic, structural and communicative approach is description of lexical meanings. There are certain pragmatically marked elements of human lexicon that should be identified and described systematically. The article explores the integral model of lexical meaning, including pragmatic macro-components; describes the structure, content, variable potential and implementation of pragmatic semantics in different types of discourse; analyzes the ways how pragmatic semantics can be lexicographically presented in dictionaries of different types; develops the concept of lexicographic interpretation of pragmatically marked units within the Russian lexical system. The authors pay special attention to the identification and lexicographic interpretation of the national cultural component. This semantic element is especially difficult to identify and requires additional comparative research (exceptions are lexical units usually marked by all teaching aids, which are called specifically Russian realities, not characteristic of other countries). A variety of meanings does not allow us to introduce a limited list of parameters describing the national cultural component. In this regard, it is difficult to use this parameter as a search unit. Therefore, at this stage of database development, this pragmatic component is represented in the form of a lexicographic commentary, which includes information about the national characteristics of the lexeme. The applied component of the project is creating a computer database of pragmatically marked vocabulary, available for a wide range of users: researchers, linguistic experts, interpreters and teachers of the Russian language. The described computer database of pragmatically marked vocabulary is based on the Russian and international experience in corpus and computational linguistics.

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