On the principles of lexicographic description of the Old Russian phraseological fund in the light of current trends in the study of set phrases in diachrony

The article deals with the guidelines of lexicographic description of set phrases in a diachronic aspect. The aim of the article is to discuss the prospects and principles of a historical phraseological dictionary of set phrases fixed in the texts of the Russian language of the 16th and 17th centuries. Such dictionary’s innovation is: 1) in its type (historical phraseological dictionary), which is practically absent in Russian phraseography, except the only dictionary of Russian phraseology of the 18th century (1980), 2) in its material (phraseological fund of the period of the initial formation of the national Russian language); the material of the article is set phrases frontally selected from historical dictionaries of this period, as well as studies on some phraseological units and their groups in the language of Moscow Rus, and 3) in its approach. The author comes to the conclusion that lexicographic description of the phraseological fund of this epoc should be based on the following positions: (1) the principle of historicism, which means the need to take into account the specifics of a particular historical period; in diachrony, it is necessary to describe an extensive group of set phrases selected on the basis of their frequent occurrence and a possible semantic shift - the prophraseological fund, future basis of the idiomatic stock of national language; (2) the principle of completeness, which consists in the maximum coverage of set phrases of different types, some of which do not even have analogues in modern Russian; (3) the principle of differentiation, in accordance with which set phrases have different lexicographic descriptions due to their linguistic specifics. The author proposes algorithms of dictionary entries for phrases of different types (idioms, business and etiquette formulas, cliches, compound names, etc.). Thus, the historical phraseological dictionary of Russian of the 16th-17th centuries should be organized as a complete differentiated dictionary, describing a wide circle of different set phrases and their variants so that various types receive their own dictionary description depending on their structural, grammatical and functional-semantic features. The study of the phraseological system of the initial stage of national language formation is relevant for studies of the history of Russian phraseology, for the development of the theoretical basis of historical phraseology and creation of the currently missing system of historical phraseological dictionaries of Russian. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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