Modern orientations of Russian lexicography

The article describes the most noticeable tendencies in the development of Russian lexicography in the last two decades. The most complete fixation of the existing dictionaries, generalization and classification of all lexicography achievements are an important question. More than 2600 editions of the Russian language dictionaries are being considered in the article. A large number of the dictionaries were created in the last two decades. It allows us to make a conclusion about the tendencies of lexicography development. The special significance of the factor of the recipient is being emphasized in the paper. The orientation of modern lexicography towards needs of a user determines different vectors of lexicography development. ''The image of the dictionary'' in the naive world picture, in the conception of native speakers depends on the development of the dictionary production (attitude towards simplification and omnitude of the dictionary). In the last decades lexicography transformed from an academic sphere into a socially mobile sphere that can quickly react to social requests. The outlines of modern lexicography have significantly changed because of the introduction of computer technologies. On the one hand, there are real possibilities to accomplish large-scale lexicographic projects in foreseeable time, on the other hand, the space for compilers' activity has expanded. In the paper we give examples of compilers' dishonesty, manipulation with names of outstanding lexicographers - V.I. Dal and D.N. Ushakov. Pragmatic requests of dictionary users define especially intensive development of some types of lexicographic publications (orthological dictionaries, dictionaries of foreign words, dictionaries of slang and neologisms, phraseological dictionaries). The typology of dictionaries in all the diversity of approaches is to perform both classifying and predictive functions. Commercial orientations determined the growth of certain types of dictionaries. A large number of exuberantly titled dictionaries have appeared: ''large'', ''full'', ''new'', ''the newest'', ''universal'', ''modern'', ''multipurpose''. Many ''small'', ''pocket'', ''school'', ''educational'' dictionaries attract readers. The state of modern lexicography is determined, on the one hand, by the tendency of the system representation of the language units of different levels, on the other hand, by the anthropocentric orientations of modern linguistics. Anthropocentrism of lexicography is also found in an effort to reflect the essential features of the speech portrait of a modern person and in the emphatic focus on the needs of users as well as in the maximum account of the factor of the recipient.

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