Designations of persons by work and their presentation in historical terminography

Special vocabulary closely connected with the material culture of society demonstrates the social character of the language to the full. According to the numerous works on this topic (V.V. Zamkova, M.I. Litvinov, A.I. Moiseev, O.V. Felde, etc.), it is of particular research interest for linguists both in the statics of a definite period system and in the di-achronic dynamics. The successes of terminology studies are directly linked with the lexicographic description of terms: the qualitative research of special vocabulary is the basis for the profound and complete dictionaries which are the source for new investigation aspects of the given language material. The study of the articles has shown that there is no long history of a special lexicographic description of designations of persons by their profession in the Russian language studies, though these designations are isolated and very inconsistently included into many early interpretive dictionaries. The study has also revealed the perspectives of its inclusion into the dictionaries of onomasiological type (L.A. Shkatova, O.V. Borhvaldt). This way of the given vocabulary group interpretation gets particular importance in the works based on the past epochs language material. The author's Dictionary of Industrialist Designations presented in the article is based on the Russian language material of the late 16th and 17th cc. and includes more than one thousand and five hundred headwords naming craftsmen, tradesmen, fishermen and hunters. The specific features of the Dictionary are: 1) the extension of the dictionary frame due to the reconstructions of words out of surnames (*grobovshchik, *doshchanichnik) and inclusion of phrase (predicative) nominating structures into its entries ((he) brews beer, forges, fishes in a particular area of water, etc.); 2) the regional characteristics of the headwords are reflected in it. The first peculiarity corresponds to the inventory tasks of the diachronic terminography, the second one to the urgent demands of the historical lexicology of the Russian language. Nowadays it is the most complete diachronic dictionary of designations of persons by work, a significant part of which consists of the unique language material. For example, about 150 of its words are absent in The Russian Language Dictionary of the 11th-17th cc. This fact not only shows that different dictionaries mutually complete one another, but also confirms the scientific expedience of the creation of their new types.

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