Issues of lexicography and anthropological linguistics

Anthropologicallyfocusedcontemporary linguistics studies the world-view, ethnic value systems realised inlanguage. Discreteness of the notion, depth of its understanding, representation ofevaluation parameters are shown in the density of a linguistic field expressing the concept.Formation of the semantic field relates to the issue of dialect variation of the nationallanguage, reflecting subcultural variability. In this situation, theoretical study and practical(lexicographical) solution to the problem of dialect synonymy (see the work byG.A. Rakov in this field), the so-called interdialect (interlanguage) synonymy (isosemy)are of particular relevance.The problem of interdialect (interlanguage) synonymy (isosemy), its relevance intoday's semantically-oriented research has been stated at the XIII International Congress ofSlavists (Ljubljana, 2003) in S.M. Tolstaya report, "The semantic problem ofreconstruction and synonymy in the Common Slavonic vocabulary". Despite the urgencyof describing the interdialect (interlanguage) isosemy for both synchronic and diachronicstudies there is no other work except The Dictionary of Selected Synonyms of Indo-European Languages by C.D. Buck in global lexicography. The present level of languagescience, its anthropological orientation marked another problem of lexicography requiringa practical solution: ordering the words in the dictionary according to conceptual, lexicalsemanticor thematic groups, not in the formal alphabetical way. This problem was raisedin the report of M.I. Chernysheva at the International Conference "Russian Philology onthe Threshold of the 21 Century: Problems and Prospects" (Moscow, 2003).The problem of interdialect and interlanguage synonymy study, and the problem ofthematic (or ideographic) ordering of lexical material are similar issues; a consequence to itis a need for empirical data with all the created opportunities (primarily due to thedevelopment of cognitive semantics) and the need to study the language at a deeper level,where analysis of relations in one system is insufficient, where one needs to trace intersystemconnections that involve traditionally determined and new (introduced by contactssubculturally) relations, and their results.The basis for the work on interdialect and interlanguage synonymy and ideographicordering may now be dialect dictionaries and atlases of different profiles, etymologicaldictionaries of new generation (reconstructing semantic relations), ordering the results ofnumerous lexicological studies aimed at examining the lexical and semantic fields indialects and comparing the literary language and its dialects in the national language.Interdialect and interlanguage approach to the problem of synonymy, ideographicordering of the dictionary will show the possible variation of the original semantic model,and thus become the basis for distinguishing between the traditional and the new insemantic models, trends in semantic change. Ultimately, this will be more completelinguistic arguments in recreating the evolution of national world-view models.

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