Language norms in the Academic Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

The article describes the Academic Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language as a normative (prescriptive) dictionary. This dictionary is created at V.V. Vinogradov Institute of the Russian Language of RAS; in 2016, the first two volumes were published, prepared under the leadership of L.P. Krysin. There are two parts in the article. In the first part, it is noted that the normativity of the new dictionary is manifested in two ways: 1) in the rejection to include most nonstandard language units in it, 2) in the normative evaluation (by means of normative labels) of a number of non-standard units included in it. The connection of the norms codified in the dictionary with the language system and modern usage is revealed. The systematic character of language at the level of a word list is reflected: for example, in a number of cases the dictionary includes not just one word, but a family of words (ani-matsiya, animatsionnyy, animator). Attentive studying of usage allows to correct the linguistic description of lexemes of different spheres, including the religious one (for example, the entries of words vsenoshchnaya and grekh). In the second part of the article, the ways (including new ones) of reflection of the types of language norms (spelling, orthoepic, grammatical etc.) in different zones of the dictionary entry are considered. Thus, in the analysis of the spelling norm, attention is focused on the label “s propisnoy bukvy” [with a capital letter], which is consistently used in the dictionary in connection with the problem of choosing a capital/small letter. Now, when the language is mastering a set of borrowed words, the need of fixing the orthoepic norm in an explanatory dictionary is obvious. This norm is explicated by a special label in the form of a combination of letters designating the corresponding sounds (BEBI [be]). When characterizing the grammatical norm, cases of the lexicographic presentation of grammatical variance, as well as animacy of nouns (by means of label “odush.” [animate]) are analyzed. In the analysis of the stylistic norm, the emphasis is placed on the replenishment of the repertoire of stylistic labels and on the lexicographic reflection of changes in stylistic properties of words (for example, words bezotgovorochny, gaerstvovat’ got the label “ustar.” [obsolete]). It is emphasized that the fixation of the lexical-semantic and phraseological norms (that are most important for the explanatory dictionary) provides for the correction of available definitions, the identification and semantic description of words and phraseological units that have recently entered the language. It is shown that the lexicographic presentation of language norms in the Academic Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, on the one hand, is based on the lexicographic tradition and, on the other hand, is aimed at its development and enrichment with new content.

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