Russian food tradition in the mirror of language images: experience of lexicographical presentation

The anthropological paradigm of modern linguistics has put forward new requirements to the dictionary as a source of not only the linguistic information, but also of cultural, sociological, and psychological one. The author of the paper projected the Russian Dictionary of Culinary Metaphors fully consistent with the tendencies of modern culturological and anthropocentric lexicography. Its purpose is to present the language expression of metaphorical and symbolic rethinking of Russian food traditions by compiling linguistic metaphors, metaphorical derivatives, figurative comparisons, idioms, proverbs and sayings of the modern Russian language that include the culinary sphere elements in their content as the motivational ones. The selection of the material is based on the metaphorical and / or symbolic nature of the semantics of the described units, as well as on the culinary theme of their figurative base - the motivating content that represents the system of gastronomic images that help Russian people to comprehend various aspects of reality. By the method of presentation of the vocabulary the dictionary combines ideographic and nested principles. The thematic grouping is based on the common values of the initial motivating meanings (at the level of linguistic units) and images (at the level of mental representations) that unite words and expressions in motivational-figurative paradigms (lexical and phraseological nests). An example of such a nest is the motivational-figurative paradigm with the top блин (pancake), 'a round cake made of thin batter fried on both sides on a pan greased with oil or fat.' The figuratively motivated units of the paradigm are блин, 'an iron load in the form of a disk on a sports bar,' блинчатый, 'flat, flattened, shaped like pancake,' блинообразный, 'flat, of round shape resembling a pancake', как блин, 'about a round face of a person,' etc. The paper describes the model of the dictionary in general, the macro-structure of the entry of a lexical-idiomatic nest and the microstructure of the entry of the interpreted figurative unit. A sample dictionary description of the nest, as well as figurative units of different structure, is given. The principles of semantization of the material are explained. Interpretation of the figurative meaning is given in the form of descriptive definitions, in the form of expanded synonymous expressions, or in a combination of descriptive and synonymous types of interpretation. The definition necessarily indicates features of the named phenomena involved in the metaphorical interactions that are expressed figuratively by analogy with the culinary phenomenon. Nominations of metaphorical kind are not allowed. The principle of compliance of the categorical grammatical semantics of the interpreted unit with the key lexical element of the definition is followed. For figurative language features with the semantics of predicative-characterizing type interpretation includes indication of the sphere of denotative relatedness of this characteristic. A system of marks is used to show expressive and stylistic connotations. The sources for the compilation of the main word list were the published dictionaries of the modern Russian language, a number of phraseological dictionaries, dictionaries of proverbs and sayings. The source of the context material was the electronic web site "Russian National Corpus."

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