Metaphorization of eating in the imagery of the Russian language

The article analyzes the fragment of the lexico-phraseological field "Food/Eating" represented by figurative words and expressions that show the metaphorical character of eating. The analysis is based on the theory of figurative language and combines the semasiological and cognitive approaches to the description of figurative language units that implement conceptual metaphorical and metonymic models through the system of their meanings. The analysis of the conceptual model of typical images requires the words and phrases to be grouped into figurative lexico-phraseological fields and motivational-figurative paradigm (MFP) based on the unity of the original motivating image. The MFP with the verbal apex 'est" has 19 linguistic metaphors ('est" - to torture, to gnaw; 'edkiy' - mocking, ironic, etc.), 13 figurative words proper ('bukvoed - a pedant, formalist, somebody who pays attention only to the facade of the question at the expense of the sense, etc.); 19 phraseological units ('s potrokhami s"est"; 's"est'pud soli', etc.); 8 proverbs ('kto ne rabotaet, tot ne est', etc.). The cognitive structure of the original concept 'est" includes four frames: 1) the subject puts food in their mouth, 2) the subject takes a bite of food, 3) the subject chews (grinds) food, 4) the subject swallows food. The frames in this scenario include the following slots: the subject of eating (the eater), the object of eating (food) and the procedure itself. Each frame and slot of the eating scenario is figuratively reinterpreted and metaphorically projected onto various spheres of extralinguistic reality. Metaphorization of eating in the Russian language is represented by 13 metaphorical models associated with the figurative characteristic of the physical (6 models) and non-material (7 models) world, each of which is described in detail in the article. The subject of eating in the figurative sense include: 1) substances that cause a chemical reaction (alkali, acid); 2) physical phenomena (high temperature, friction); 3) automatic and mechanical devices; 4) negative emotions (melancholy, anxiety, sadness, resentment, hatred, anger, remorse); 5) an individual, who a) provides psychological pressure on another person, b) acquires knowledge and experience, c) conquers rivals in the competition; 6) subjects of economic and political activity (companies, political parties); 7) socio-economic phenomena (inflation, taxes, interest rates). The objects of eating are 1) nature-facts and artifacts exposed to damage, destruction (natural objects, wooden and metal products, fuel, energy resources, means of payment); 2) diseases that destroy the internal organs and skin; 3) a person suffering from negative emotions, psychological pressure and negative social impacts; 4) finance. The final part of the article is devoted to the lexicographic description of figurative vocabulary that reflects metaphorization of eating in the Russian language.

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