Key words in the functional-cognitive sphere "Man's Life"

The cognitive science paradigm, exploring language processes in the activity-based aspect based on the types of knowledge inherent in language semantics and used by a native speaker in speech communication, has a great explanatory capacity, which provides a substantial update to the content and methods of describing linguistic material. The semantics of linguistic units is considered in this scientific paradigm as analogues of conceptual structures that transmit certain layers of knowledge pertaining to the experience of native speakers. A feature of cognitive semantics is the appeal to the knowledge of non-linguistic, encyclopedic character and definition of the role of this knowledge in the formation of language meaning and sense of the statement. A functional-cognitive approach to the systematization of the vocabulary allows solving this problem based on human verbal and cogitative activity and finding qualitatively new levels of the vocabulary which constitute the frame of the dictionary and organize its structure: they determine the structuring of the lexicon as well as semantic processes in separate blocks and tokens. The central object of the study becomes man, so great attention is paid to his / her place in culture. Information about the world comes to man through language, therefore, man lives in the world of concepts s/he created for intellectual, spiritual and social needs. The article discusses the functional-cognitive sphere "human life", in which the key patterns of locality, temporality and eventness are complex packages of information, transmitting knowledge about objects and situations in the diversity of links and relationships. The functional-cognitive sphere is extensive combinations of words; their distinctive features are volume, heterogeneity and multidimensionality. The basis of the functional-cognitive sphere is the macro-concept which manifests itself in a language as a multidimensional and multilevel phenomenon. Each type of meaning is associated with the general concept in a variety of semantic relations manifested at a deep level. Expressing the most abstract global meaning, the macro-concept is the top of a conceptual class and represents the total of the knowledge about objects and situations in a variety of links and relationships. The study is carried out on the material of the Functional-Cognitive Dictionary, an active dictionary of a new type, where the vocabulary of the Russian language is described on the basis of speech activity.

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