Metaphor in terminological systems: functions and models

One of the major problems of modern linguistics is research of terminological systems as a basic component of scientific discourse. The question of how this or that term system corresponds with a national language and with a linguistic world-image was repeatedly actualized in linguistics. It is possible to allocate two aspects of its consideration. The first aspect is connected with the term origin. In the works devoted to research of term systems the direct connection between lexical system of language and separate scientific term systems is marked. The second aspect of the researches is connected with term functioning. Semantics of the term, as well as semantics of lexical units, is subject to action of the law of asymmetric dualism of a language sign. Formation of the term by semantic derivation assumes metaphorization - formation of new meaning by analogy to the fragment of experience fixed in semantics of a language unit. The metaphorical term is formed as a gnoseological structure to represent a separate phenomenon. Active metaphorization in scientific discourse is caused not only by the specificity of scientific knowledge but also by the heuristicity and information capacity of a metaphorical model. The analysis of metaphorical term systems in various scientific areas allows to say that the gnoseological metaphor generates the whole spectrum of units representing this model. The spectrum of units is closely connected with the model and forms, as a result, a paradigm model of the object of research. Terminology loan (metaphorical model) of the object of research leads to inter-discourse interaction within separate scientific areas and general gnoseological spheres as a whole. One of the aspects of the problem of inter-discourse interactions is the question on crossing of discourses ''within separate consciousness''. Metaphorical terms which function for a long time lose the "live" metaphoricalness. However, they thus join the system of models of deep, ontological level. Similar "circulation" of models promotes a more and more considerable increase of level of abstractive thinking and preserves its deep "corporal" bases. Due to this functioning of scientific information is carried out on the basis of general cognitive mechanisms, which promotes its more effective development. Similar metaphorical models represent the earliest scientific metaphors and they have received a wide circulation practically in all scientific areas and on this basis can be named gnoseological universals. Keywords: scientific discourse, terminological system, conceptual metaphor, metaphorical model, metaphorical term, gnoseological metaphor. P. 46. Starikova Galina N., Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia). ''TOMSK OLD BELIEVERS' DICTIONARY'' PROJECT (BASED ON EVERYDAY LIFE TEXTS OF OLD BELIEVERS' COMMUNITY). At present when dialectic differences gradually become extinct the study of everyday life speech of the book legacy of old believers is an important and promising task as they have preserved the elements of old culture of writing and regional national dialects in their ''isolated'' community. The arising interest of linguists to the given problem has recently lead to the formation of a new scientific field - ethnic-confessional linguistics. S.E. Nikitina defined the task of this field as studying both traditional linguistic tasks such as revealing the dialectic composition of old believers' communities and places of their exodus and the comparatively new ones such as revealing linguistic stereotypes of the religious sphere. That is why collecting, processing and publishing old believers' manuscripts as well as composing various dictionaries on their basis is of special importance. A collection of old believers' manuscripts including not only official and cheti but also domestic and practical texts on paper and birchbark was formed during the expeditions to the North of Tomsk Region in 1980-1990s. The biggest manuscripts were diaries: the so called ''island chronicler'' (19561975, 14 sheets, birchbark) and ''Easter book'' (1956-1975, 14 sheets, birchbark). The first one written by a man presents everyday life texts about weather and domestic chores of the commoners for the period of 8 years while the second one written by a woman describes only the festive week with some additions about the important events of the previous year. The scriptures speech is vivid and metaphorical. Graphics, lexical units and grammatical forms are archaic based on church-bookish style. The nominative composition is interesting and diversified. The author has started to work on lexicographic processing of the given unique old believers' material. The article presents the examples of three variants of dictionaries. The first one is a dialectic dictionary of differential type. This dictionary presents non-equivalent ethnographic lexicon (кулемка, хиуз), lexical dialectisms (баской), formal (облак, овторник) and semantical variants of Russian words (остров). The second type of dictionaries describes only purely confessionally important vocabulary and phraseology (сестрица, отче, мясопуст, получить смерть) including church Slavisms (глаголить, десница), the names of orthodox celebrations, etc., which require encyclopedic explanation. The third type is a full dictionary of Tomsk chronicler made according to the cluster principle, i.e. all the words of a definite root found in the manuscript are included in one article: мороз, немороз, морозик, морозить, заморозить, заморозка, etc. Each type has its own source-knowing capabilities.

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