Memory of the term: yazykovedenie, yazykoznanie, lingvistika

In the article there are analysed three names of the language science, used in domestic scientific practice and usually qualified as absolute synonyms. The thesis about their absolute synonymy is not questioned as a result of the analysis of their denotative meanings, but of such their property, which is offered to be designated as the ''memory of the term''. This property of the term depends on who, when and where used it: the authors, the time, and the scientific and socio-cultural circumstances are significant. Special attention is paid to the book by F.I. Buslaev On the Teaching of the National Language (1844), which is studied first of all by the specialists in teaching the Russian language at school. Meanwhile, it contains important information about the analysed terms: F.I. Buslaev uses all the three terms, giving preference to lingvistika and yazykoznanie. In this case he speaks about lingvistika referring to the European one, which is essential for the word with the Latin root. It is claimed that J. Baudouin de Courtenay started the domestic tradition of terminological designation of the language science. In his works all the three terms can be found: at the beginning only yazykoznanie, then yazykoznanie and lingvistika, brought into line in his famous work ''Yazykoznanie or lingvistika in the 19th century'' (1901). A special source is the practice of naming the departments in Russian universities, academic disciplines and scientific degrees. In this case there exists a more than century-old tradition of using the term yazykovedenie. During the Soviet era the term yazykoznanie was the most usable, for, as we know, it was part of the title of the famous article by Stalin ''Otnositelno marksizma v yazykoznanii' (Marxism and Problems of Linguistics), published in June 20, 1950 issue of Pravda. Soon after it Insti-tut yazykoznaniya AN SSSR (Institute of Linguistics of the USSR Academy of Sciences) was created, the journal ''Voprosy yazykoznaniya" was published, new courses ''Vvedenie v yazykoznanie" (Principles of Linguistics) and ''Obshchee yazykoznanie" (General Linguistics) appeared. Nowadays the term yazykovedenie has the rate of archaism, yazykoznanie - of the Soviet era, and the term lingvistika often corresponds to the knowledge of foreign languages. Linguists pay attention to it, for example, M.Krongauz. The relations between the terms continue to develop and change, which does not stop them from naming the language science in different situations, including such derivatives as yazykovedy (linguists), lingvisticheskiy (linguistic). Restrictions in word formation allow to see a kind of a suppletive derivational paradigm: yazykoznanie ^yazykovedcheskiy ^ lingvisticheskiy. It is important to note that the terms function in a number of other names, such as lingvisticheskie ucheniya (liunguistic studies), nauka o jazyke (language science), teoriya yazyka (language theory).

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