Space-time oppositions in philosophy, aesthetics and poetics of V.A. Zhukovsky (the issue of evolution)

The article focuses on the artistic space and time in connection with forming a model of the world as part of a romantic literary method: it is a picture of the world, expressed in the language of space-time representations by the founder of Russian Romanticism, V.A. Zhukovsky. Attention to the categories of space and time reflected in all stages of the creative way of the writer and correlated in its development with the history of Russian romantic literature and guiding it is the most important feature of the worldview and creativity of Zhukovsky. It lays the foundation of his work as well as of the activities of Russian romanticism. The key concepts of peace and man, and artistic forms of their expression are already expressed in the early works of Zhukovsky (1797-1806). His attention was focused precisely on the categories of space and time which the author connected directly with the elaboration of the principles of depicting the image of a new type of personality which is in a constant process of self-discovery and self-improvement. This determined the transition of Russian literature from sentimentalism to Romanticism at that time. In this regard, the article analyzes T. Gray's translated elegy "Rural Cemetery" (1802) and Zhukovsky's original elegy "Evening" (1806). Time and space are characterized here as metaphysical and universal accordingly. On the one hand, they are designed more in the spirit of the enlightenment concept of the world, but, on the other hand, they are deconstructed by the consciousness of the lyrical hero, becoming both objective and subjective. The same ideas form the picture of the world in the early prose works of Zhukovsky, in which he first refers to the understanding and image of historical time, the nationally designated space, the narrative and event (fable and plot) chronotope. The formation of the writer's model of the universe gave a powerful stimulus to the development of means for expressing his ontology, philosophy of history, anthropology. Zhukovsky's poetry and prose of 18071811 published in magazines shows his growing interest in the possibility of disclosure in the literature of the internal space and time of man, which caused the development of psychologism in Russian poetry and prose. However, Zhukovsky earnestly sought the principles of the ratio of the "inner man" and the surrounding reality with its spatial and temporal characteristics. In the writings of the "era of romantic manifestos" (1810-1820s), the processualization and symbolization of the space-time model of the world became obvious, which resulted in a special interest in history and philosophy, and active introduction of these issues in literature in the early 1830s. These trends found their natural development in the 1840s, the years perceived by Zhukovsky as "the era of prose". Its space-time oppositions cannot be considered without taking into account the interest of the writer in the issues of religion and the Christian faith.

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