Neologisms and intersystem relations in the German vocabulary (on the materialof the semantic neologisms of the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st c.)

The article deals with the peculiarities of the paradigmatic, syntagmatic and derivational relationsbetween the words in the new meanings (semantic neologisms of the end of the 20th - the beginning ofthe 21st c.) and the already existing or new lexical units of German. The intersystem relations are characterizedby complexity, variety and become apparent in different semantic connections of the lexicalunits, in the specific character of their interaction. The paradigmatic aspect is realized first of all in thesynonymic and antonymic relations of the lexical units. The semantic neologisms enter synonymicrelations not only with the words already occurring in language, but also with each other. Synonymiccontacts between semantic neologisms and new lexemes are also widespread. In particular, the primarywords in the new meanings interact with the compounds containing the stems of the respective primarywords. The synonymic relations are also observed between semantic neologisms and new words withthe borrowed English stems; and, as a rule, semantic neologisms are formed already after Anglicismsenter German. Probably, this way the German language resists the excessively active processes of loancharacteristic for the modern epoch. The antonymic relations are less typical for the semantic neologismsof the investigated period, but they also have a complex, versatile character. The comparison ofthe words in the new meanings with synonymous and antonymous lexical units allows giving a detailedexplanation of their semantics, to characterize their semantic nuances and stylistic potential. Thesemantic originality and separateness of the new word meanings find expression in the peculiaritiesof their syntagmatic manifestation. The specificity of the syntagmatic relations of the semantic neologismsis realized in their lexical and syntactic compatibility. In the derivational aspect the formation ofa new meaning of the word causes the development of new meanings of other lexemes already existingin the language and being in derivational relations or having a common stem with the given word.Besides, the process of the renewal of the vocabulary does not stop after the introduction of semanticneologisms and their acceptance by native speakers. This process continues and causes production ofnew lexical units. The establishment of the system interrelations testifies to the complete integration ofwords in the new meanings into the lexical-semantic system of the language. The integration of semanticneologisms into the lexical-semantic system of the language causes different qualitative and quantitativetransformations of the vocabulary structure as a whole.

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