Metaphor as a modelling tool of conflict-historical event in scientific discourse

The article describesthe scientific metaphor, as a particular epistemological phenomenon that allows simulating ahypothetical situation; the object does not have an ontological status. The fundamental concept statedin the article is conceptual metaphor, which is understood as a basic cognitive model based on analogyto other objects (events, entities) on the basis of knowledge of other objects (events, entities). Due tothe fact that the conceptual metaphor concerns the cognitive sphere more, it is implemented inlanguage as a metaphoric model, which combines system of speech representatives or textualmetaphors.Functional ambiguity of metaphorical models used in the modelling of scientific discourse makesit possible to talk about scientific discourse as a inhomogeneous phenomenon: a discursive-ontologicalmetaphor creates mental space for research activities (the scientific area), a gnoseological metaphorcreates a conception of a scientific phenomenon as a separate phenomenon (epistemologicalRobinson) and a studied object as a whole (language organism), a communicative metaphor isrealised in the process of teaching.The specificity of scientific modelling is the formation of a hypothetical image of a historicalevent in the scientific text. The system of events, evaluations, human lives, etc. is recreated in thehistorical text, and this model claims the status of reconstruction, since it is assumed to recreate a realsituation in the past. The analysis of theoretical works in this field and linguistic analysis of the textsuggest that this reconstruction is metaphorical in its nature. To illustrate this situation we analyse thesystem of text metaphors from Kara-Murzas Civil War (1918-1921). Lesson for the Twenty-FirstCentury.The results of the analysis make it possible to consider that by means of various text metaphors inthe scientific historical text we can develop a complete metaphoric model of the described object. Thismetaphoric model is epistemological in nature - it allows presenting new aspects of the phenomenon,but can also generate an attitude towards a particular event, situation or phenomenon. Despite thespecial factuality of the historical scientific text, the formation of a metaphoric image of the describedobject is accomplished by way of metaphoric principles. However, latent-specific evaluation,implemented by means of appeals to models, is not ambivalent in moral terms and implements culturalmeanings: friend-or-foe, creativity-destruction.

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