Formant subsystem of derivational morphemics of Russian dialects in the morphonological aspect

The paper solves problems of the morphonological description of the formant subsystem of Russian dialect derivational morphemics and determines the semantic peculiarities of functioning of the Russian formants of a complex morphonological structure as an object of comparative dialectology of the Russian language. The leading areas of descriptions of morphonological models of Russian dialect formants include the study of syntagmatic and paradigmatic factors of phonological changes in the structure of derivatives at the morphemic boundary phenomena implementation in the position after the root caused by the formal interaction of derivational morphemes and their semantic function. The tasks of comparative dialectology include selection and description of the possible morpho-nological transformations of the formant subsystem of morphemics, sources of variability and semantic function; identification of morphonological subtypes and independent types of the formant subsystem and distribution supermorpheme formants in the key Russian dialect areas. As an object of comparative dialectology of the Russian language, Russian dialects formant subsystem is a dynamic morpho-nological microsystem with a number of differences from the derivational base subsystem. 1. Formant variants differ in position. Their place within the subsystem is determined by their semantic function. Productive formant variants have their own specific areas processing various semantic subtypes within word formation types. The derivational base subsystem with a possible semantic specialization of its morphonological structure is mainly aimed at organizing the formal structure of the model, overcoming formal idiomaticity. 2. The structure of the formant variants is functionally ambiguous in semantic terms. Its various components (constant and variable) provide for the superformant entry into the general model of word formation and its semantic subtypes. The variable part of a formant variant allows differentiating between synonyms and polysemantic words. It is also is an additional means of system motivation of the morphemic structure of the word. Morphonological models of derivational bases are sometimes used for this purpose as well, yet their main purpose is the structural organization of the motivating classes of words. 3. The positional description of formant variants in dialects determines the structural and semantic features of this subsystem of morphological derivation means. As a result of determining the place of each variant in the dialect, in accordance with its function, a comparison with other units of Russian dialect areas is made. 4. The study of the functioning of the formant variants at the micro- and macro-dialect levels gives a general scheme of implementation of a variant and leads to generalization of the morphemic-derivational potential of variant units of the Russian dialects formant subsystem.

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