General grammatical characteristics of structures with a combined subject of verbs denoting connection

The article summarizes some results of the study of grammatical features of constructions with two (or more) names in the subject and the verb soedinyat' [to connect] in the active voice. The work focuses on the morphological characteristics of the verb denoting connection in these constructions. The material for the study was selected by continuous and partial sampling; it includes more than three thousand examples. It shows that two (or more) names are subjects with the verb in different forms, in particular: in the imperfective and perfective forms of "to connect"; in the three tenses of the verb in the indicative mood; in the imperative and subjunctive mood forms of the verb. Special attention is paid to the means of connection between two (or more) names in the subject with the verb "to connect", as well as the possibility / impossibility of shifting these elements. The described constructions generally have two, less frequently three, names in the subject. Names in the subject position are connected syndetically and asyndetically (less frequently); the syndetic connections are generally coordinating. Two (or more) names are usually connected by a single conjunction i [and] that signifies the end of the enumerated elements. Pairs of names connected by "and", ili, li [or] or asyndetically allows shifting their members. If the subject is expressed by four homogeneous parts, divided in pairs and connected by "and", shifting is allowed within each pair of names. Shifting members is impossible in some cases: 1) if the following member is semantically dependent on the previous one; 2) in pairs with conjunctions ne... a (a ne); ne... no (no ne) [not . . . but], because the transformation changes the meaning of the statement; 3) if there is a relative limit, e.g., in relation to the second member expressed by introductory words; 4) if members of the subject connected by the repetition of "or" are represented by the pair "noun + pronoun dependent on the noun"; 6) if members of the subject are connected by the conjunctions ne tol'ko... no i; ne stol'ko... no i [not only . . . but also], because the transformation changes the actualization of the meaning of the statement; 7) if members of the subject are connected by conjunctions tak i, kak i [as well as], because the comparison is preserved yet the joining element changes. The proposed methodology of describing structures with the combined subject may be interesting for the study of reciprocal constructions and symmetric relations.

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