The magazine Tovarishch (1911/12): an experience of the development of a typological model of a periodical for pupils in Tomsk journalism at the beginning of the 20th century

The purpose of this article is to identify the typological specifics of the amateur pre-revolutionary magazine Tovarishch [Comrade] published by pupils of the First Siberian Commercial School in Tomsk in the 1911/1912 academic year. This unexplored edition is first given a research reflection. The article presents a brief history of research of pupil publications, discusses the reasons why student periodicals of Tomsk rarely become the subject of research. The initial description of the content and design of the magazine Tovarishch is made, the features of the magazine cover are specified, the topics and blocks of publications are analyzed. The study of the materials makes it possible to identify the main functions that the magazine performed: informative, recreational, educational, but mostly it was the function of personality's creative self-realization. The comparative analysis of the Tomsk magazine and pupil publications that appeared in the Russian capitals and cities of European Russia identified both common, characteristic of all Russian pupil magazines, and distinctive features that the Tomsk Tovarishch had. The magazine had typological features of pupil publications that researchers found: it was published by the pupils of senior classes of the First Siberian Commercial School in Tomsk, it was intended for a narrow audience interested in information related to the education and leisure of pupils. The magazine was called to implement the functions of informing, teaching, creative realization of pupils. Tovarishch combined the features of a literary almanac, an illustrated magazine and an academic publication, contained literary, journalistic, entertaining, educational and scientific genres. Like other pupil magazines, it reflected both the academic and the extracurricular lives of young people. The magazine was similar to the all-Russian editions not only in the genre and typology, but also in topics. A specific feature of the magazine is the lack of information on the participation of teachers in Tovarishch, while joint activities of pupils and teachers were characteristic of the early 20th-century editions. The magazine had no publication program, no editorial article, which would make it possible to determine its goals and objectives more precisely. The analysis of the features of the content and design of the magazine allows concluding that the publishers had done some work on the determination of the concept of the publication, its typological model. This model fit organically into the typological set of numerous publications for pupils existing in Russia, but for Tomsk it was pioneering and somewhat experimental: a school first published its own pupil magazine that did not repeat magazine models existing in Tomsk. The magazine allowed pupils, a new social stratum, to express themselves as publishers and authors.

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