Fixed phrase schemes with a compulsory component - a syncategorematic word - in the modern Russian language

Fixed phrase schemes (phraseoschemes) of the Russian language with a compulsory component represented by a syncategorematic word are analyzed in the article as an independent group of units of this class. The aim is the description of structural, semantic, etymological, syntagmatic and phraseological characteristics of fixed phrase schemes from the point of view of phraseology theory using the investigative method created in syntax of the "undivided" (phraseologized) sentence. In this study we used the descriptive and transformational methods, the methods of the component analysis of the pro-positional sentence structure, syntactic modeling, phraseographic portraying, the method of phraseological, etymological, contextual and discourse analysis. All described fixed phrase schemes are divided into subgroups on the basis of belonging to a certain part of speech of a compulsory component: interjection, preposition, particle, conjunction. This approach allows singling out the integral features of units of this group as a whole, and also the differentiating characteristics determined by the language nature of the compulsory component. The material for the research is fixed phrase schemes extracted with the continuous sampling method from the Russian National Corpus, phraseological and definition dictionaries, fiction works of the 19th-21st centuries and colloquial speech records. The fixed phrase schemes of this group are mostly monosemic, and the evaluative meaning type prevails. All fixed phrase schemes are derivative: they are formed on the basis of the simple sentence (narrative and interrogative) or the complex sentence. The fixed phrase scheme structure is formed by two required components: the unchangeable (compulsory) and changeable ones. The compulsory unchangeable component can be compound (da nu, nu i, na to i, ne v, nu ne) or simple (i, kak). The compulsory component, as a rule, is deactualized; it determines a practically complete absence of paradigmatic qualities (lexico-grammatical, morphological, and lexical paradigm). The syntactic relations between the compulsory components are also deactualized, which leads to the irreversibility of their word-order. All fixed phrase schemes of this group have optional structural components (from one to three) that contribute to the specification of the dictum proposition or the intensification of the modus proposition of the fixed phrase scheme. They enable to extend other utterances and construe with them; however, their syntagmatic potential is not frequently realized in speech, because it "destroys" their phraseological nature. Fixed phrase schemes possess all categorial phraseologization features, the specific character of which is mostly determined by the peculiarities of the inner form of their compulsory component. However, the analysis has shown that not everything is determined by this factor. Many linguistic and speech parameters of fixed phrase schemes are connected with the uniqueness of their producing base, the functioning sphere, and also the global and multiaspectual plraseologization process which is implemented based on the key rules of language units organization.

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