Frame modeling of fragments of lexical-derivational nests with the ‘disease’ semantics

Linguists’ attention to the somatic semantics lexis (words naming body parts, e.g., body parts, parts of the body parts, pelage, organs, etc.) entails the relevance of the present issue. Though the Russian somatic lexis is studied for a long time most linguists accentuated separate somatic objects or their features, on the one hand, and non-derivative somatic lexis, on the other hand, without a systematic study of the somatisms derivatives. Nevertheless, such a study helps understand how Russian speakers categorize the world through their body prism. The article aims to study language processing of somatic information such as derivatives with the ‘disease’ semantics. Body discomfort, disease or illness of body objects are their dysfunctions whose description is one of the stages to conceptualize the naive semiotics of body and bodyness. The material of the research was derived from the words forming the semantic group ‘disease’. 52 basic words of the Russian language (blood, bone, eye, chest, etc.) were found, from which the derivatives of the semantics of interest are formed. The most frequent producing names are the following: blood (from this word it was possible to fix 35 derived units), bone (22 words), eye (13 words), throat, tooth and hernia (8 words), chest (6 words), ear, heart, pimple (5 words each), skin, navel, mind (4 words each). From one to three words are produced from other somatisms in the Russian language. In total, from all the listed basic words, the authors recorded 200 derivatives with the ‘disease’ semantics. The article analyzes in detail the group of derivatives of the lexical-derivational nest with the apex “blood” - 37 derivative words, where 19 are dialectal and 18 are literary (book and colloquial). The main methodological approach is cognitive modeling of the derivatives, namely, modeling of the lexical-derivative nests with the ‘disease’ semantics as frames. The frame model gives the categorical and semantic structure to the language and culture knowledge about the basic word and its derivatives. Such terms as “frame”, “slot”, “propositional structure”, “proposition” are the meta- language units representing general forms of knowledge, they also visualize different ways of semantic derivation and nomination of the derivatives. The study results are: (1) lexical somatisms are identified that form basic and derivative Russian lexis with the ‘disease’ semantics; (2) the frame method of lexical-derivative nests analysis is designed, with the use of which (3) the semantic structure is created for the derivatives with the ‘disease’ semantics; (4) the place of the meaning ‘disease’ in the structure is determined; (5) the similarities and differences are established in the forms and semantics of the appropriate lexical-derivative nests. The materials of the article can be used in the following spheres: explanatory dictionaries compiling and improvement, different languages somatic lexis comparison, teaching work.

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