Stressed particles in the German dependent clause (exemplified by particles JA and DOCH)

The article deals with the possibility of usage of stressed particles JA and DOCH in German dependent clauses. The possibility of German stressed particles to be used in dependent clauses is compared with that of modal particles, because modal particles are main clause phenomena and can be used in illocutive independent clauses (or central clauses). The author understands illocutive independence as the possibility of dependent clauses to include subjective components. Stressed particles possess some features of usage in German dependent clauses which differ from those of modal particles. The article shows that the stressed particle JA cannot be used in illocutive independent temporal clauses, in objective clauses if factive predicates are used in matrix clauses, in instrumental clauses and in relative restrictive clauses. It is possible to use this particle in subjective clauses, in objective clauses if the matrix clause contains non-factive predicates, in illocutive independent causal clauses, in conditional clauses as well as in dependent clauses with the meaning of result or effect. The stressed particle DOCH is possible in illocutive independent clauses of result, in local clauses as well as in instrumental clauses. It can be explained by the fact that it encodes Verumfokus, or the focus of truth, or in other words, it can express negation through assertion. This particle has two special features: (1) it can be used as an independent clause whose function is the negation of the interlocutor's utterance, and (2) it can express the negation of the previous utterance making the contrast between the utterance of the speaker and the interlocutor. Local clauses can be considered as a classic example of the usage of the stressed particle DOCH in an illocutive independent clause. It is worth noting that in relative absolute sentences which are illocutive independent, stressed particles JA and DOCH cannot be used. It can be explained by semantic peculiarities of this type of dependent clause: relative absolute clauses are used to supplement what has already been said, and supplementary information cannot be said to express only the disagreement of the speaker with the interlocutor's position. Neither the modal particle ja nor the stressed particles JA or DOCH can be used in: - objective clauses if the matrix predicate is factive; - illocutive independent temporal clauses; - illocutive independent instrumental causes; - relative restrictive clauses; - illocutive independent causal clauses. It can be explained by the fact that these clauses are classic illocutive independent clauses, whose dependent part cannot include any subjective components, including negation expressed by the stressed particle DOCH. This research is based on the web-corpus DeWaC of the Humboldt University of Berlin, web-corpus COLiBRi of the Freie University of Berlin, the journal corpus Die Zeit online. The author has also turned to native speakers because the oorpus data do not contain intonation layout and there are a few inaccuracies. It allowed determining if stressed particles are possible in different types of dependent clauses. On the whole, the data in the analysis represent the opinion of 90% of respondents

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