Experience of understanding the axiological world image in phraseology: a structural organization (based on Russian, Ukrainian, English and German)

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the axiological world image (AWI) with the actualization of its structural organization in phraseology on the material of Russian, Ukrainian, English and German. The AWI is positioned as an understanding by a person of the world, fragments of this world and the status of the person in this world through an assessment categorization of values and non-values in opposition. The object of the study is the AWI in phraseology. The subject of the study is phraseological units representing values. The description of values is realized using the method of parametric analysis of the semantic structure of the phraseological unit (PhU) with the accentuation of the estimated macrocomponent, and the method of thematic fields, that is, through phraseosemantic fields, groups and subgroups. Phraseological axiological opposition is interpreted as the unity of the two blocks represented by PhUs: the first consists of PhUs, the semantics of which correlates with values, and the second of PhUs whose semantics correlates with non-values. This methodology allows outlining the parametric model of the AWI and establish the value orientations of a person / ethnos in phraseology: freedom (29.1%), health (27.4%),family (10.7%), money (9.2%), success (5.9%), love (4.7%), honesty (3.4%), law (3%), friendship (1.9%), peace (1.7%), beauty (1.5%), justice (1.5%). The quantitative indicators of PhUs that represent the value determine the importance of the value. Thus, the most significant values in the Russian AWI are health and freedom, in Ukrainian freedom and health, in English success, freedom and health, in German money, freedom and health. In the ethnoses under consideration, social values dominate, which proves the relevance of the "human - society" format to the individual. Phraseological universals of the AWI structure are determined by the associative character of human thinking and are associated with the psychophysiological features of a person, categories of space and time, appearance and habits of animals, sensual image of color and symbolic meanings of color, fixed in world practice; typical characteristics of phenomena and states of nature. Differences in the AWI are due to the national specificity of culture (way of life, perception of the environment, etc.) of the speakers of the compared languages. The analysis of the value structure shows that values express the phenomenon of personal and social significance, thus confirming the thesis of the uniqueness of the perception of value, of experiencing it by a separate subject (the speaker of a certain language in the research), of filling it with socially significant meaning (universal in the research), which personifies the existence of the unique and the common in the AWI. The prospect of research lies in revealing pragmatic features of the social, vital, legal, moral, aesthetic, material levels of the AWI in the phraseology of various languages with the establishment of correlative and non-correlative zones.

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