Expression of the Invariant Meaning by Figurative Systems of the Dialect and the Literary Language (On the Example of Pechora and All-Russian Phraseological Units)

The aim of the article is to compare the Pechora and All-Russian phraseological units (phraseological units and paroemias proper), in which invariants of moral and axiological judgments are subjected to a non-identical figurative fixation. The article analyzes phrasemes used in the territory of the distribution of the Pechora dialects (speech of native Russian residents of settlements located along the Pechora River and its tributaries Pizhma, Tsilma and Neritsa) in comparison with all-Russian phraseological units. The usage and general distribution of the phrases were established according to the phraseological and paroemiological dictionaries of the Russian language. Pechora phraseological units are given according to the Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Dialects of the Lower Pechora compiled by N.A. Stavshina. The study used mainly the method of contrastive (comparative) analysis. The images of the phraseological units, which are guides to the cultural space, were interpreted as part of the linguocultural method in phraseology developed by V.N. Teliya, M.L. Kovshova, D.B. Gudkov, and others. To explicate the differences between the Pechora and all-Russian phrasemes, the method of linguistic (synchronous) description and elements of an etymological analysis were used. In the course of the study of phraseological units that translate identical meanings by the figurative systems of the dialect and the literary language, a different degree of the formal and figurative differences in the phrasemes is revealed: from the minimum (lexical and constructive variants that become intermediate, hybrid units) to the maximum (phraseological synonyms). The expression of the invariant meaning by the phraseological units of the dialect and the literary language is based on the similarity of syntactic models, the lexical and grammatical composition of the units, and is also supported by notional or functional semantic connectors, by the thematic relatedness of words and, finally, by words' correlation with one culture code. The following conclusions were made. (1) All-Russian and dialect phraseological units represent gastronomic, vegetative, zoomorphic and material cultural codes that correlate with the traditional occupations of a rural resident: animal husbandry and farming, daily household chores. A significant role in the representation of the invariant meaning in the all-Russian and dialect phraseological units is played by figurative components: names of objects of peasant, rural life, names of domestic and wild animals, plants. This is the similarity of the figurative systems of the dialects of the Lower Pechora and the literary language. (2) The figurative basis of the Pechora phraseological units that express the invariant meaning and have figurative and semantic correspondences in the literary language was formed under the influence of Old Believer traditions, climatic conditions of the Pechora region, and reflected the interethnic contacts of the Russian and Finno-Ugric population, traditional occupations and crafts of the northern forest resident, everyday realities and rural lifestyle.

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