Authorization Category in Uncodified Spheres of Russian Speech: Discussing the Ontogenesis of the Speech Genre Competence

The article is devoted to the category of authorization, whose research is especially relevant in the context of anthropocentric linguistics. Little-investigated there is the problem of the expression of authorization category in live speech, which differs in the genre variety. Texts of two types of uncodified Russian speech, different by its genre and reflecting different stages of speech ontogenesis, became the object of this research. (1) texts of recollections as one of the brightest manifestations of colloquial discourse; (2) texts of staged dialogues in situations of a single role-playing game as the brightest manifestation of the child's personal discourse. These speech phenomena are dissimilar, but it is possible to compare them because of a certain communicative-pragmatic similarity. This similarity is due to the presence in the text of someone else's speech, primarily, the generality of the form and type of communication (this is spontaneous oral speech, which involves the combination of two communication plans. real and reproducible, as well as the use of the speech mask). However, the function of someone else's speech turns out to be different, which gives reason for a detailed consideration of authorization category peculiarities in each of the presented types of natural oral speech, the genre specificity of which is ontogenetic. The material for this research was the transcribed records of recollection stories in situations of informal communication (about 20 hours) and the child's speech in situations of a single role-playing game (about 15 hours). As one of the genre-forming feature, the category of authorization determines the specifics of both the colloquial recollection story and the child's game quasidialogue, and it is a peculiar marker of the level of formation of the speech genre competence. When an adult native speaker consciously marks a statement as one's own or someone else's, the playing of roles of various characters in a child's game is unconsciousness, it is the speech flow in which one's own and someone else's merge (except for fragments of the egocentric child's speech). The ontogenetic specificity is also found in the expression of persuasion category. An adult speaker, realizing recollection as one's own or someone else's, estimates the greater or lesser degree of its reliability. The category of persuasion gets a different expression in the child's game quasi-dialogue, whose nature is caused by the creative imagination of the child. this speech genre is based on fictional eventfulness. Thus, the dynamics of the formation of authorization category in the ontogenesis of the speech genre competence is manifested in the gradual formation of ability to a speech reflection concerning the ratio of the narrative lines of the speaker and the author. There is a gradual transition from the genre of the game quasi-dialogue, based on an unconscious dissolution of the author's speech of the child in the lines of the characters he or she created, to a conscious differentiation of “one's own” and “someone else's”, which is further necessary for mastering the genres that require this differentiation.

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