Adequate translation of realia in Russian-Portuguese literary discourse (based on the Portuguese translations of Alexander Pushkin's novel Eugene Onegin)

Currently, researchers are increasingly focusing their attention on linguocultural issues of translation, as well as the search for effective ways to overcome the "linguoethnic barrier" and the development of adequate strategies for intercultural communication. New literary translations that have not previously been introduced into the research field of translation studies are of particular interest. In this regard, the study considers the problem of linguocultural adaptation in translations of Alexander Pushkin's novel Eugene Onegin into Portuguese. The study aims to identify the principles for the transmission of culturally relevant information in Portuguese translations of the novel, as well as to develop criteria for an adequate translation of Russian realia into Portuguese. The material of the study was the first translations of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin into Portuguese by Dario Moreira de Castro Alves (2008) and Nina and Philippe Guerra (2016). During the study, a set of methods adequate to each of the stages of work was used. At the first stage, the methodology was developed, and a parallel translation corpus was created. Contextual analysis of the novel and the continuous sampling method were used to create a parallel translation corpus, containing Russian realia from the original text and their Portuguese equivalents in two translations. At the second stage of the study, the realia were classified and systematized according to their semantic feature. At the third stage, Russian realia and their translation equivalents were compared. The analysis made it possible to identify different strategies and ways of translating realia into Portuguese. Further, comparative and descriptive methods were used to identify the principles of rendering realia by various translators and determine the adequacy of the Portuguese equivalents for Russian realia. The data obtained served as the basis for developing a model of criteria for an adequate translation of realia from Russian into Portuguese. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was revealed that inaccuracies in the transferring of the Russian cultural code into Portuguese are due to the following violations: renationalization of realities, neutralization of historical coloring, omission of substantive and/or connotative meaning, lack of explanatory comments. Based on the problems identified, a model of criteria was developed, which makes it possible to determine the adequacy of the strategy and/or method of transferring realia in Russian-Portuguese literary translation. The translation model includes the following evaluation criteria: (1) preservation of the (national-cultural and/or historical) "flavor" of the original realia; (2) preservation of the (direct and/or connotative) meaning of the original realia; (3) preservation of the communicative effect of the original. When translating Russian realia into Portuguese, those translation mechanisms that correspond to all the established provisions of the developed model should be considered adequate. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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