On history and etymology of the Russian dialectal adjective бутной

In this work the origin of the Russian dialectal word бутной (бутный) and history of emergence of the meaning 'plump, thick' in its semantic structure is investigated. The adjective бутной characterizes appearance of the person in the Russian national dialects from the parametrical point of view, namely, from the point of view of body size ('plump, corpulent, thickset'). The area of distribution of this lexeme is limited to Pskov dialects. The dialect verb бутеть is the basis for adjective бутной, fixed with semantics of completeness in northern and southern dialects of Russian language. The analysis of cognate dialectal words to the studied adjective showed that words with root бут-in the Russian dialects, on the one hand, characterize a plump, strong constitution of a person, on the other, they mean action (generally intensive), they are also names of some plants, construction stone, a tub. To reveal the internal form of the word, the sources of primary motivation of adjective бутной, origin of semantics of plumpness of the body of a person, the author addresses to data of history of the Russian language. The studied adjective was not recorded in the Russian literary language at all stages of its development. Only from the 17th century the word бут 'construction stone', 'underground basis of stone construction' and adjectives бутной, бутовый 'relating to бут, stone' appears in Russian, still it obviously shows no connection with the analyzed lexical unit. The Russian language data on adjective бутной and its cognates did not help to reveal the inner form of the word and emergence of the meaning 'plump, corpulent', so we will address to the data of other East Slavic languages. Having analysed data of East Slavic languages, the author revealed that semantics of plumpness of the body of a person is not presented. In Ukrainian there is adjective бутний, from Polish, but its meaning is 'proud, haughty, impudent', going back to noun бута 'pride, arrogance, arrogance'. In the Belorussian language the analyzed adjective is not presented. Further the material of all other Slavic languages was analysed. The adjective butny and noun buta are presented only in Polish. These Polish lexemes do not characterize the constitution of a person, but the feature of character - 'pride' - with a negative connotation. The Slavic lexemes which go back to Common Slavic *but- have semantics 'something big, inflated', on the one hand, and semantics 'to beat, strike', 'to push', on the other hand. These lexemes go back to Indo-European root *bheut-/*bhout- 'be inflated'; 'to beat, strike' - to IE *bhaut-/*bhut- 'beat, strike, push'. Further the analyzed lexical material is related to Slavic words with root *bot- with semantics 'to grow', 'to be inflated, bulk up', 'to beat, push ', 'to touch, concern' in all groups of Slavic languages. Speaking about the temporal framework of formation of the semantics of large size of the body of a person of adjective бутной, the author notes that it appeared in Pskov dialects of the Russian language in the 19th century. The conclusion is made that the development of semantics in the analysed material, most likely, went as follows: 'to beat, strike' > ('to become friable') > 'to swell, inflate' > 'to grow plump'. Probably, such a semantic transition is connected with reflection of the process of processing fiber. To beat fiber means to make it friable, puffy, to increase its volume, that is to change quality during the beating. So, development of semantics of adjective бутной could be the following: 'inflated, inflated' > 'thick, plump'.

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