SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DISTAL PHALANGEAL INJURIES OF FINGERS (review) | Issues of reconstructive and plastic surgery. 2016. № 1 (56).

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DISTAL PHALANGEAL INJURIES OF FINGERS (review)

This review is based on an analysis of literature on the surgical treatment of injuries of the distal phalanges of the fingers. The description of currently available several classifications of fingertip injuries and possible errors made during in the treatment at different levels of care are provided. Particular attention is paid to modern methods of restoring the integrity of the fingertips, assessing the treatment outcomes, the most common complications, and some methods for their elimination.

Download file

Counter downloads: 682

Keywords

дистальная фаланга, ноготь, травма кончика пальца, лоскуты, реплантация, distal phalanx, nail, fingertip injury, flaps, replantation

Authors

Name	Organization	E-mail
Khodzhabaghyan Z.S.		zaqarmed@yahoo.com
Pshenisnov K.P.
Abraamyan D.O.
Vinnik S.V.

Всего: 4

References

Андреева Т.М. Травматизм в Российской Федерации на основе статистики // Социальные аспекты здоровья населения (веб-издание). - 2010. - 16.

Белоусов А.Е. Пластическая, реконструктивная и эстетическая хирургия. - СПб.: Гиппократ, 1998. - 743 c.

Бландинский В.Ф. Лечение повреждений кисти и их последствий у детей: дис. … д-ра мед. наук. - 1987. - 98 с.

Винник С.В., Пшениснов К.П., Голубев И.О., Афонина Е.А. Покровные дефекты пальцев кисти // Курс пластической хирургии: рук. для врачей. - В 2 т. / под ред. К.П. Пшениснова. - Ярославль; Рыбинск: Рыбинский Дом печати, 2010. - Т. II. - С. 1189-1230.

Декайло В.П., Толстик А.Н. Способ определения степени нарушения функции и потери трудоспособности при повреждениях и заболеваниях кисти. - Минск, 2007.

Епифанова Е.В. Правовые основы медико-социальной экспертизы: учеб. пособие. - Краснодар, 2013. - 251 с.

Кадыров М.С. Метод выбора хирургического лечения при сложных травмах ногтевых фаланг пальцев кисти // Вестник КРСУ. - 2014. - № 12. - С. 99-102.

Коновалов А.Н. Непроизводственный травматизм у работающего городского населения и пути его профилактики: автореф. дис.. канд. мед. наук. СПб., 2008. - 26 с.

Матев И., Банков С. Реабилитация при повреждениях руки. - Медицина и физкультура. - 1981. - 256 с.

Петрушин А.Л. Травматические ампутации сегментов кисти, анализ лечебных мероприятий на различных этапах оказания медицинской помощи в сельском районе // Казанский мед. журн. - 2013. - № 3. - С. 327-334.

Саакян А.Б., Ягджян Г.В., Барбакадзе А.Б., Абраамян Д.О. Реконструкция кисти островковыми лоскутами: метод. пособие. - Ереван, 2004. - 12 с.

Ягджян Г., Абраамян Д., Григорян Б., Геворгян А., Азатян А. Русская версия опросника DASH: инструмент исследования исходов лечения поражений верхней конечности // Анналы пласт. рек. и эст. хирургии. - 2005. - № 1. - С. 52-58.

Allen M. Conservative management of fingertip injuries in adults // Hand. - 1980. - 3. - P. 257-265.

Altergott C., Garcia F., Nager A. Pediatric fingertip injuries: do prophylactic antibiotics alter infection rates? // Pediatr. Emerg. Care. - 2008. - 3. - P. 148-152.

Arazpour M., Mardani M., Bahramizadeh M. The effect of new method of suspension on quality of life, satisfaction, and suspension in patients with finger prostheses // Prosthet. Orthot. Int. - 2015. - 3. - P. 197-203.

Ardouin T., Poirier P., Rogez J. Les traumatismes des extremites digitales et de l’appareil ungueal chez l’enfant: A propos de 241 cas // Rev. Chir. Orthop. ReparatriceAppar. Mot. - 1997. - 4. - P. 330-334.

Atasoy E., Godfrey A., Kalisman M. The “antenna” procedure for the “hook-nail” deformity // J.H.S. - 1983. - 1A. - P. 55-58.

Atasoy E., Ioakimidis E., Kasdan M., Kutz J., Kleinert H. Reconstruction of the amputated fingertip with a triangular volar flap // J.B.J.S. - 1970. - 52A. - P. 921-926.

Austin S. Rehabilitation of the fingertip // Fingertip injuries: diagnosis, management & reconstruction / Rozmaryn L. (ed). Springer, 2015. - P. 175-189.

Aydin U., Ozbek S., Akin S., Ozyurtlu M. Custom subatmospheric dressing for fingertip injuries // Tech. Hand Up. Extrem. Surg. - 2011. - 2. - P. 104-105.

Backman C., Nystrom A., Backman C., Bjerle P. Arterial spasticity & cold intolerance in relation to time after digital replantation // J.H.S. - 1993. - 5B. - P. 551-555.

Barbary S., Dap F., Dautel G. Finger replantation: surgical technique & indications // Chir. Main. - 2013. - 6. - P. 363-372.

Basat S., Ugurlu A., Ayd.n A., Aksan T. Digital artery perforator flaps: an easy & reliable choice for fingertip amputation reconstruction // Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc. - 2013. - 4. - P. 250-254.

Bickel K., Dosanjh A. Fingertip reconstruction // J.H.S. - 2008. - 8A. - P. 1417-1419.

Bloom J., Khouri J., Hammert W. Current concepts in the evaluation & treatment of mallet finger injury // P.R.S. - 2013. - 4. - P. 560e-6e.

Bot A., Bossen J., Mudgal C. et al. Determinants of disability after fingertip injuries // Psychosomatics. - 2014. - 4. - P. 372-380.

Bralliar F., Horner R. Sensory cross-finger pedicle graft // J.B.J.S. - 1969. - 7A. - P. 1264-1342.

Brown R., Zook E., Russel R. Fingertip reconstruction with flaps & bed grafts // J.H.S. - 1999. - 2A. - P. 345- 351.

Bubak P., Richey M., Engrav L. Hook nail deformity repaired using a composite toe graft // P.R.S. - 1992. - 6. - P. 1079-1082.

Buntic R., Brooks D. Standardized protocol for artery-only fingertip replantation // J.H.S. - 2010. - 9A. - P. 1491-1496.

Cabibihan J., Pattofatto S., Jomaa M. et al. The conformance test for robotic/prosthetic fingertip skins // The First IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics &Biomechatronics. - IEEE. - 2006. - P. 561-566.

Carlsson I., Cederlund R., Hoglund P., Lundborg G., Rosen B. Hand injuries and cold sensitivity: reliability and validity of cold sensitivity questionnaires // Disabil. Rehabil. - 2008. - 25. - P. 1920-1928.

Carmes S., Dumontier C. Fingertip reconstruction: the role of conservative treatment / I.F.S.S.H. Scientific Committee on Skin Coverage. - 2014. - P. 2-6.

Chen C., Tang P., Zhao G. Bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flap for sensory reconstruction of digits // Injury. - 2014. - 12. - P. 2018-2024.

Chen H., Hsu C., Lin Y. et al. Functional & aesthetic outcomes of the fingertips after nail lengthening using the eponychial flap // J.P.R.A.S. - 2015. - 10. - P. 1438-1446.

Chen Q., Sun Y., Chen J. et al. Comparative study of functional & aesthetically outcomes of reverse digital artery & reverse dorsal homodigital island flaps for fingertip repair // J.H.S. - 2015. - 9E. - P. 935-943.

Chen Y., Chan F., Hsu C. et al. Fingertip replantation without venous anastomosis // A.P.S. - 2013. - 3. - P. 284-288.

Chow S., Ho E. Open treatment of fingertip injuries in adults // J.H.S. - 1982. - 7A. - P. 470-476.

Craigen M., Kleinert J., Crain G., McCabe S. Patient & injury characteristics in the development of cold sensitivity of the hand: a prospective cohort study // J.H.S. - 1999. - 1A. - P. 8-15.

de Alwis W. Fingertip injuries // Emerg. Med. Australas. - 2006. - 18. - P. 229-237.

Dickson J., Morris G., Heron M. The importance of hand anatomy in the accident & emergency department: assessment of hand anatomy knowledge in doctors in training // J.H.S. - 2009. - 5E. - P. 682-684.

Downing N.D. Fractures of the hand // Surg. - 2003. - 21. - P. 256-258. № 1 (56) март’2016 Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии В помощь практическому врачу 83

Duff S. Impact of peripheral nerve injury on sensorimotor control // J. Hand Ther. - 2005. - 2. - P. 277-291.

Dumontier C., Gilbert A., Tubiana R. Hook-nail deformity: surgical treatment with a homodigital advancement flap // J.H.S. - 1995. - 6B. - P. 830-835.

Duthie G., Adams J. Meshed adhesive tape for the treatment of crushed fingers in children // J.H.S. - 1984. - 1B. - P. 41.

Earley M., Watson J. Twenty four thumb replantations // J.H.S. - 1984. - 9B. - P. 98-102.

Elliot D. Fingertip reconstruction: flap reconstruction / I.F.S.S.H. Scientific Committee on Skin Coverage. - 2014. - P. 9-13.

Elliot D., Moiemen N., Jigjinni V. The neurovascular Tranquilli-Leali flap // J.H.S. - 1995. - 20B. - P. 815-23.

Elliot D., Wilson Y. V-Y advancement of the entire volar soft tissue of the thumb in distal reconstruction // J.H.S. - 1993. - 18B. - P. 399-402.

Erken H., Takka S., Akmaz I. Artery-only fingertip replantations using a controlled nailbed bleeding protocol // J.H.S. - 2013. - 11A. - P. 2173-2179.

Evans D., Bernadis C. A new classification for fingertip injuries // J.H.S. - 2000. - 25B. - P. 58-60.

Evans J., Lunnis P., Gaunt P. et al. A case of septicaemia due to Aeromonashydrophila // B.J.P.S. - 1990. - 3. - P. 371-372.

Fassler P. Fingertip injuries: evaluation & treatment // J. A.A.O.S. - 1996. - 1. - P. 84-92.

Fattah J., Awla R. Management of fingertip injury in Erbil, an evaluation study // Zanco J. Med. Sci. - 2013. - 3. - P. 518-525.

Foucher G., Dallaserra M., Tilquin B. et al. The Hueston flap in reconstruction of fingertip skin loss: results in a series of 41 patients // J.H.S. - 1994. - 19A. - P. 508-515.

Friedrich J., Poppler L., Mack C. et al. Epidemiology of upper extremity replantation surgery in the United States // J.H.S. - 2011. - 11A. - P. 1835-1840.

Garcia-Lopez A., Laredo C., Rojas A. Oblique triangular neurovascular osteocutaneous flap for hook nail deformity correction // J.H.S. - 2014. - 7A. - P. 1415-1418.

Geissendorfer H. Beitrag zur Fingerkuppenplastik // Zentralbl. Chir. - 1943. - 70. - P. 1107-1108.

Gelberman R., Urbaniak J., Bright D., Levin L. Digital sensibility following replantation // J.H.S. - 1978. - 3A. - P. 313-319.

Germann G., Sauerbier M., Rudolf K., Hrabowski M. Management of thumb tip injuries // J.H.S. - 2015. - 3A. - P. 614-622.

Glickman L., Mackinnon S. Sensory recovery following digital replantation // Microsurgery. - 1990. - 3. - P. 236-242.

Gourdin M., Pangman W. The repair of surface defects of fingers by trans-digital flaps // P.R.S. - 1950. - 5. - P. 368-371.

Guy R. The etiologies & mechanisms of nail bed injuries // Hand Clin. - 1990. - 6. - P. 9-19.

Harenberg P., Jakubietz R., Jakubietz M. et al. Reconstruction of the thumb tip using palmar neurovascular flaps // Oper. Orthop. Traumatol. - 2012. - 2. - P. 116-121.

Hasagawa K., Namba Y., Kimata Y. Negative pressure wound therapy incorporating early exercise therapy in hand surgery: bag-type negative pressure wound therapy // Acta Med. Okayama. - 2013. - 4. - P. 271-276.

Hattori Y., Doi K., Ikeda K. et al. A retrospective study of functional outcomes after successful replantation vs amputation closure for single fingertip amputations // J.H.S. -2006. - 31A. - P. 811-818.

Hirase Y. Salvage of fingertip amputated at nail level: new surgical principles & treatments // A.P.S. - 1997. - 38. - P. 151-157.

Hoigne D., Hug U., Schurch M. et al. Semi-occlusive dressing for the treatment of fingertip amputations with exposed bone: quantity & quality of soft-tissue regeneration // J.H.S. - 2014. - 5E. - P. 505-509.

Huang H., Yeong E. Surgical treatment of distal digit amputation: success in distal digit replantation is not dependent on venous anastomosis // P.R.S. - 2015. - 1. - P. 174-178.

Imaizumi A., Ishida K., Arashiro K., Nishizeki O. Validity of exploration for suitable vessels for replantation in the distal fingertip amputation in early childhood: replantation or composite graft // J. Plast. Surg. Hand Surg. - 2013. - 47. - P. 258-262.

Ipsen T., Frandsen P., Barfred T. Conservative treatment of fingertip injuries // Injury. - 1987. - 18. - P. 203- 205.

Irwin M., Gilbert S., Terenghi G., Smith R., Green C. Cold intolerance following peripheral nerve injury: natural history & factors predicting severity of symptoms // J.H.S. - 1997. - 22B. - P. 308-316.

Ishikawa K., Ogawa Y., Soeda H., Yoshida Y. A new classification of the amputation level for the distal part of the finger // J. Jpn. Soc. Reconstr. Microsurg. - 1990. - 3. - P. 54-62.

Jain A., Sierakowski A., Gardiner M. et al. Nail bed INJury Assessment Pilot (NINJA-P) study: should the nail plate be replaced or discarded after nail bed repair in children? // Pilot & Feasibility Studies. - 2015. - 1. - P. 29.

Jazayeri L., Klausner J., Chang J. Distal digital replantation // P.R.S. - 2013. - 5. - P. 1207-1217.

Khouri R. Method & apparatus for soft tissue enhancement. - US Patent 20010031911 A1. - 2001.

Kim J., Lee Y. Fingertip replantation using Y-shaped vein graft to pulp artery // A.P.S. - 2015. - 4. - P. 424- 429.

Kim J., Lee Y., Kim M. et al. Innervated reverse digital artery island flap through bilateral neurorrhaphy using direct small branches of the proper digital nerve // P.R.S. - 2015. - 6. - P. 1643-1650.

Kojima T., Kinoshita Y., Hirase Y., Endo T., Hayashi H. Extended palmar advancement flap with V-Y closure for finger injuries // B.J.P.S. - 1994. - 47. - P. 275-279.

Kong B., Kim Y., Suh Y. et al. Finger soft tissue reconstruction using arterialized venous free flaps having 2 parallel veins // J.H.S. - 10A. - P. 1802-1806.

Koshima I., Urushibara K., Fukuda N. et al. Digital artery perforator flaps for fingertip reconstructions // P.R.S. - 2006. - 118. - P. 1579-1584.

Krishnan G. Sensory recovery after reconstruction of defects of long fingertips using the pedicled V flap // B.J.P.S. - 2001. - 54. - P. 523-527.

Kusuhara H., Itani Y., Isogai N., Tabata Y. Randomized controlled trial of the application of topical b-FGFimpregnated gelatin microspheres to improve tissue survival in subzone II fingertip amputations // J.H.S. - 2011. - 6E. - P. 455-460.

Kutler W. A new method for fingertip amputation // J.A.M.A. - 1947. - 133. - P. 29-30.

Lamon R., Cicero J., Frascone R., Hass W. Open treatment of fingertip amputations // Ann. Emerg. Med. - 1983. - 12. - P. 358-360.

Lassner F., Becker M., Berger A., Pallua N. Sensory reconstruction of the fingertip using the bilaterally innervated sensory cross-finger flap // P.R.S. - 2002. - 3. - P. 988-993.

Lee D., Mignemi M., Crosby S. Fingertip injuries: an update on management // J. A.A.O.S. - 2013. - 21. - P. 756-766.

Lee L., Lau P., Chan C. A simple & efficient treatment for fingertip injuries // J.H.S. - 1995. - 20B. - P. 63-71.

Lee N., Pae W., Roh S. et al. Innervated cross-finger pulp flap for reconstruction of the fingertip // Arch. Plast. Surg. - 2012. - 39. - P. 637-642.

Lee S., Jang J., Kim J., Cheon S. Modified anterograde pedicle advancement flap in fingertip injury // J.H.S. - 2015. - 9E. - P. 944-951.

Lifchez S. D. Hand education for emergency medicine residents: results of a pilot program // J.H.S. - 2012. - 37A. - Р. 1245-1248.

Lineaweaver W., Hill M., Buncke G. et al. Aeromonashydrophila infections following use of medicinal leeches in replantation & flap surgery // A.P.S. - 1992. -3. - P. 238-244.

Littler J. Neurovascular pedicle transfer of tissue in reconstructive surgery of the hand // J.B.J.S. - 1956. - 38A. - P. 917.

Liu Y., Jiao H., Ji X. et al. A comparative study of four types of free flaps from the ipsilateral extremity for finger reconstruction // PLoS ONE. - 2014. - 8. - P. e104014.

Lundborg G. The bone & joint decade 2000-2010 // Scand. J. P.R.S. Hand Surg. - 1999. - 3. - P. 341-344.

Lutz B.,Wei F. Basic principles on toe-to-hand transplantation // Chang Gung Med. J. - 2002. - 9. - P. 568- 576.

Ma G., Cheng J., Chan K. et al. Fingertip injuries - a prospective study on seven methods of treatment on 200 cases // Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore. - 1982. - 11. - P. 207-213.

Martin C., Gonzalez del Pino J. Controversies in the treatment of fingertip amputations conservative vs surgical reconstruction // Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. - 1998. - 353. - P. 63-73.

Melone C., Beasley R., Carstens J. The thenar flap - an analysis of its use in 150 cases // J.H.S. - 1982. - 7. - P. 291-297.

Mende K., Strub B., Meuli-Simmen C. Autologous fat grafting for painful finger scars // J.H.S. - 2014. - E. - pii: 1753193414543194 [Epub].

Mennen U., Wiese A. Fingertip injuries management with semi-occlusive dressing // J.H.S. - 1993. - 18B. - P. 416-422.

Mignemi M., Unruh K., Lee D. Controversies in the treatment of nail bed injuries // J.H.S. - 2013. - 7A. - P. 1427-1430.

Miller A., Rivlin M., Kirkpatrick W. et al. Fingertip amputation treatment: a survey study // Am. J. Orthop. - 2015. - 9. - P. E331-E339.

Miller L., Chester R., Jerosch-Herold C. Effects of sensory reeducation programs on functional hand sensibility after median & ulnar repair: a systematic review // J. Hand Ther. - 2012. - 3. - P. 297-306.

Mitsunaga N., Mihara M., Koshima I. et al. Digital artery perforator (DAP) flaps: modifications for fingertip & finger stump reconstruction // J.P.R.A.S. - 2010. - 63. - P. 1312-1317. № 1 (56) март’2016 Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии В помощь практическому врачу 85

Moberg E. Aspects of sensation in reconstructive surgery of the upper extremity // J.B.J.S. - 1964. - 46A. - P. 817-825.

Morrison W., O’Brien B., Macleod A. Digital replantation & revascularisation. A long-term review of one hundred cases // Hand. - 1978. - 10. - P. 125-134. 108. Muhldorfer-Fodor M., Hohendorff B., Vorderwinkler K. et al. Behandlung von FingerkuppendefektverletzungenmitdemSemiokklusionsverbandnach Mennen und Wiese // Oper. Orthop. Traumatol. - 2013. - 25. - P. 104-114.

Muneuchi G., Tamai M., Igawa K. et al. The PNB classification for treatment of fingertip injuries: the boundary between conservative treatment & surgical treatment // A.P.S. - 2005. - 54. - P. 604-609.

Murphy N.M., Olney D.B. Applied hand anatomy: its importance in accident & emergency // Arch. Emerg. Med. - 1992. - 9. - P. 14-18.

Nghiem B., Sando I., Gillespie R. et al. Providing a sense of touch to prosthetic hands // P.R.S. - 2015. - 6. - P. 1652-1663.

Ni F., Appleton S., Chen B., Wang B. Aesthetic & functional reconstruction of fingertip & pulp defects with pivot flaps // J.H.S. - 2012. - 9A. - P. 1806-1811.

Nishikawa H., Smith P. The recovery of sensation & function after cross-finger flaps for fingertip injury // J.H.S. - 1992. - 17B. - P. 102-107.

Novak C. Clinical commentary in response to: sensory relearning in peripheral nerve disorders of the hand: a web-based survey & Delphi consensus method // J. Hand Ther. - 2011. - 4. - P. 300-302.

O’Brien B. Neurovascular island pedicle flaps for terminal amputations & digital scars // B.J.P.S. - 1968. - 21. - P. 258-261.

Ootes D., Lambers K. T., Ring D. C. The epidemiology of upper extremity injuries presenting to the emergency department in the United States // Hand (N.Y.). - 2012. - 7. - P. 18-22.

Panattoni J., De Ona I., Ahmed M. Reconstruction of fingertip injuries: surgical tips & avoiding complications // J.H.S. - 2015. - 5A. - P. 1016-1024.

Pelissier P., Genin-Etcheberry T., Casoli V., Martin D., Baudet J. Limits & indications of the dorsal transposition flap: critical evaluation of 15 cases // J.H.S. - 2001. - 26A. - P. 277-282.

Rinkevich Y., Lindau P., Ueno H. et al. Germ-layer & lineage-restricted stem/progenitors regenerate the mouse digit tip // Nature. - 2011. - 476. - P. 409-413.

Rinkevich Y., Maan Z., Walmsley G., Sen S. Injuries to appendage extremities & digit tips: a clinical & cellular update // Dev. Dyn. - 2015. - 5. - P. 641-650.

Riyat M., O’Dwyer G., Quinton D. Comparison of silver sulphadiazine& paraffin gauze dressings in the treatment of fingertip amputations // J.H.S. - 1997. - 22B. - P. 530-532.

Rubin G., Orbach H., Rinott M., et al. The use of prophylactic antibiotic in treatment of fingertip amputation: a randomized prospective trial // Am. J. Emerg. Med. - 2015. - 5. - P. 645-647.

Ruijs A., Jaquet J., Daanen H., Hovius S. Cold intolerance of the hand measured by the CISS questionnaire in a normative study population // J.H.S. - 2006. - 5B. - P. 533-536.

Ruijs A., Jaquet J., van Riel W., Daanen H., Hovius S. Cold intolerance following median & ulnar nerve injuries: prognosis & predictors // J.H.S. - 2007. - 32Е. - P. 434-439.

Saladino R., Antevy P. Management of fingertip injuries / Up To Date. Stack A., Wolfson A. (Eds). Waltham M.A. - Accessed: November 18, 2015.

Sara S., Tiwari V. Fingertip injuries // Indian J. Orthop. - 2007. - 2. - P. 163-168.

Scaglioni M., Kuo Y., Chen Y. Reconstruction of distal hand & foot defects with the free proximal peroneal artery perforator flap // Microsurgery. - 2014. - doi: 10.1002/micr.22364 [Epub].

Scheker L., Polo F., Aguilar F. Free tissue transfer for fingertip coverage / Fingertip injuries: diagnosis, management & reconstruction. Rozmaryn L. (ed). - Springer, 2015. - P. 131-148.

Sears E., Shin R., Prosser L. et al. Economic analysis of revision amputation & replantation treatment of finger amputation injuries // P.R.S. - 2014. - 4. - P. 827-840.

Sebastin S., Chung K. A systematic review of the outcomes of replantation of distal digital amputation // P.R.S. - 2011. - 3. - P. 723-737.

Segmuller G. Modification of the Kutler flap: neurovascular pedicle // Handchirurgie. - 1976. - 8. - P. 75-76.

Shao X., Chen C., Zhang X. et al. Coverage of fingertip defect using a dorsal island pedicle flap including both dorsal digital nerves // J.H.S. - 2009. - 8A. - P. 1474-1481.

Shen X., Xue M., Mi J. et al. Innervated digital artery perforator propeller flap for reconstruction of lateral oblique fingertip defects // J.H.S. - 2015. - 7A. - P. 1382-1388.

Shepard G. Management of acute nail bed avulsions // Hand Clin. - 1990. - 6. - P. 39-56.

Shepard G. The use of lateral V-Y advancement flaps for fingertip reconstruction // J.H.S. - 1983. - 8. - P. 254-259. Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии № 1 (56) март’2016

86 Ходжабагян З.С., Пшениснов К.П., Абраамян Д.О., Винник С.В.

Sohn W., Jung S., Kim S. et al. Reconstruction of fingertip defects with great toe pulp grafts // A.P.S. - 2012. - 6. - P. 579-582.

Stevenson J., McNaughton G., Riley J. The use of prophylactic flucloxacillin in treatment of open fractures of the distal phalanx within an accident & emergency department: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial // J.H.S. - 2003. - 5B. - P. 388-394.

Strick M., Bremner-Smith A., Tonkin M. Antenna procedure for the correction of hook nail deformity // J.H.S. - 2004. - 1B. - P. 3-7.

Sun Y., Chen Q., Chen J. et al. Prevalence, characteristics & natural history of cold intolerance after the reverse digital artery flap // J.H.S. - 2015. - E. - pii: 1753193415596438 [Epub].

Sungur N., Kankaya Y., Yildiz K. et al. Bilateral V-Y rotation advancement flap for fingertip amputations // Hand (N.Y.). - 2012. - 7. - P. 79-85.

Takeo M., Chou W., Sun Q. et al. Wnt activation in nail epithelium couples nail growth to digit regeneration // Nature. - 2013. -499. - P. 228-232.

Tamai S. Twenty years’ experience of limb replantation - review of 293 upper extremity replants // J.H.S. - 1982. - 6A. - P. 549-556.

Tang J., Elliot D., Adani R. et al. Repair & reconstruction of thumb & fingertip injuries: a global view // Clin. Plast. Surg. - 2014. - 41. - P. 325-359.

Taras J., Sapienza A., Roach J., Taras J. Acellular dermal regeneration template for soft tissue reconstruction of the digits // J.H.S. - 2010. - 3A. - P. 415-421.

Teoh L., Tay S., Yong F., Tan S., Khoo D. Heterodigital arterialized flaps for large finger wounds: results & indications // P.R.S. - 2003. - 6. - P. 1905-1913.

Tomimoto M. The frictional pattern of tactile sensations in anthropomorphic fingertip // Tribol. Int. - 2011. - 44. - P. 1340-1347.

Tos P., Artiaco S., Coppolino S. et al. A simple sterile polypropylene fingernail substitute // Chir. Main. - 2009. - 28. - P. 143-145.

Tos P., Titolo P., Chirila N. et al. Surgical treatment of acute fingernail injuries // J. Orthop. Traumatol. - 2012. - 13. - P. 57-62.

Tranquilli Leali E. Ricostruzione dell’apicedelle falangiun guealimediante autoplastica volarepeduncolata per scorrimento // Infort. Traum. Lavoro. - 1935. - 1. - P. 186-193.

Tsai T., Yuen J. A neurovascular island flap for volar-oblique fingertip amputations. Analysis of long-term results // J.H.S. - 1996. - 21B. - P. 94-98.

Tupper J., Miller G. Sensitivity following volar V-Y plasty for fingertip amputations // J.H.S. - 1985. - 10A. - P. 183-184.

Van Beek A., Kassan M., Adson M., Dale V. Management of acute fingernail injuries // Hand Clin. - 1990. - 1. - P. 23-35.

Van den Berg W., Vergeer R., van der Sluis C. et al. Comparison of three types of treatment modalities on the outcome of fingertip injuries // J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. - 2012. - 6. - P. 1681-1687.

Venkataswami R., Subramanian N. Oblique triangular flap: a new method of repair for oblique amputations of the fingertip & thumb // P.R.S. - 2000. - 66. - P. 296-300.

Vuppalapati G., Oberlin C., Balakrishnan G. “Distally based dorsal hand flaps”: clinical experience, cadaveric studies & an update // B.J.P.S. - 2004. - 7. - P. 653-667.

Waljee J., Chung K. Toe-to-hand transfer: evolving indications & relevant outcomes // J.H.S. - 2013. - 7A. - P. 1431-1434.

Woo S., Kim K., Lee G. et al. A retrospective analysis of 154 arterialized venous flaps for hand reconstruction: an 11-year experience // P.R.S. - 2007. - 119. - P. 1823-1838.

Woo S., Kim Y., Cheon H. et al. Management of complications relating to finger amputation & replantation // Hand Clin. - 2015. - 2. - P. 319-338.

Xing S., Shen Z., Jia W., Cai Y. Aesthetic & functional results from nailfold recession following fingertip amputations // J.H.S. - 2015. - 1A. - P. 1-7.

Xu L., Gu Y., Xu J. et al. Microsurgical treatment for bilateral thumb defect: five case reports // Microsurgery. - 2003. - 6. - P. 547-554.

Yan H., Fan C., Zhang F., Gao W. Arterialized venous flaps in reconstructive & plastic surgery / Arteriovenous fistulas - diagnosis & management. Tjoumakaris S.I. (ed.). In Tech. - 2013. - P. 179-201.

Yan H., Ouyang Y., Chi Z. et al. Digital pulp reconstruction with free neurovascular toe flaps // Aesth. Plast. Surg. - 2012. -5. - P. 1186-1193.

Yan H., Zhang F., Akdemir O. et al. Clinical applications of venous flaps in the reconstruction of hands & fingers // Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. - 2011. - 1. - P. 65-74. № 1 (56) март’2016 Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии В помощь практическому врачу 87

Yoon W., Lee B. Fingertip reconstruction using free toe tissue transfer without venous anastomosis // Arch. Plast. Surg. - 2012. - 5. - P. 546-550.

Yu Y., Zhang Y., Bi W., Wu T. Functional sensory function recovery of random-pattern abdominal skin flap in the repair of fingertip skin defects // Еxper. Ther. Med. - 2013. - 5. - P. 830-834.

Zachary S., Peimer C. Salvaging the “unsalvageable” digit // Hand Clin. - 1997. - 2. - P. 239-249.