TOTAL BREAST RECONSTRUCTION: FROM REJECTION TO THE GOLD STANDARD
Article describes the rationale of the modern concept Total Breast Reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer, involving not only the recovery of the shape, size, texture, static and dynamic symmetry, but also adequate lymphatic drainage in the presence of lymphedema of the upper extremity on the side of the operation, as well as restoration sensitivity of the reconstructed breast to the level of erogenous sensitivity. Spontaneous afferent reinnervation of the reconstructed breast may not provide adequate recovery of its sensitivity. Spontaneous reinnervation is characterized by three parameters: the unpredictability, ambiguity, mosaic. Directional afferent neurotization of microsurgical flaps, used as an option in reconstructive mammoplasty, is not overkill. Its results are highly appreciated by patients. Achieved “benefits” of high quality directional reinnervation of breast far outweigh “damage” caused by an increase in the duration of the operating time due to neurotization of flap.
Keywords
directional afferent reinnervation,
spontaneous afferent rein nervation,
reconstructive mammoplasty,
microsurgical flaps,
Total Breast Reconstruction,
направленная афферентная реиннервация,
спонтанная афферентная реиннервация,
реконструктивная маммопластика,
микрохирургические лоскуты,
полная реконструкция грудиAuthors
Baitinger V. F. | | baitinger@mail.tomsknet.ru |
Silkina K. A. | | |
Baitinger A. V. | | |
Fedorov Ye. V. | | |
Всего: 4
References
Yousif N.J., Matloub H., Kolachalam R. et al. The transver segracillis musculocutaneous flap // Ann Past Surg,1992 vol. 2, no 6, pp. 482-490.
Wechselberger G., Pulzl P., Schoeller T. The transverse myocutaneousgracillis flap: technical refinements //J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2010 vol. 63, no 9, pp. 711-712.
Vasely J., Stupka I., Drazan L. et al. DIEP flap reconstruction - new experience // Acta Chir Plast, 2001, vol. 43,no 1, pp. 3-6.
Tindholdt T. T., Tonseth K. A. Spontaneous reinnervation of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps aftersecondary breast reconstruction // Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg, 2008, vol. 42, no 1, pp. 28-31.
Tansatit T., Chokrungvaranont P., Sanguansit P. et al. Neurovascular anatomy of the deep inferior epigastric perforatorflap for breast reconstruction // J Med Assoc Thai, 2006, vol. 89, no 10, pp. 1630-1640.
Spiegel A. J., Menn Z. K., Eldor L. et al. Breast reinnervation: DIEP neurotization using the third anterior intercostalsnerve // Plast Reconstr Surg, 2013, vol. 1, Issue 8, pp. 1/5-5/5.
Slezak S., McGibbon B., Dellon A. L. The sensational transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM)flap: return of sensibility after TRAM breast reconstruction // Ann Plast Surg, 1992, vol. 28, no 3, pp. 210-217.
Shridharani S. M., Magarakis M., Stapleton S. M. et al. Breast sensation after breast reconstruction: a systematicreview // J Reconstr Microsurg, 2010, vol. 26, no 5, pp. 303-310.
Santanelli F., Longo B., Angelini M. et al. Prospective computerized analyses of sensibility in breast reconstructionwith non - innervated DIEP flap // Plast Reconstr Surg, 2011, vol. 127, no 5, pp. 1790-1795.
Rozen W.M., Pan W.R., Le Roux C.M. et al. The venous anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall: an anatomicaland clinical study // Plast Reconstr Surg, 2009, vol. 124, no 3, pp. 848-853.
Peek A., Muller M.,Exner K. The free gracilis perforator flap for autologous breast reconstruction // HandchirMikrochir Plast Chir, 2002, Bd. 34, no 4, pp. 245-250.
Puonti H. K., Jaaskelainen S. K., Hallikainen H. K, et al. A new approach to microneurovascular TRAM-flapbreast reconstruction - a pilot study. // J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2011, V. 64, no 3, pp. 346-352.
Place M.J., Song T., Hardesty R.A. et al. Sensory reinnervation of autologous tissue flaps after breast reconstruction// Ann Plast Surg,1997, vol. 38, no 1, pp. 19-22.
Olivari N. The latissimus dorsi flap // Brit J Plast Surg, 1976, vol. 29, p. 127.
Patey D. H., Dyson W. H. The prognosis of carcinoma of the breast in relation to the type of operation performed// Brit J Cancer, 1948, vol. 2, pp. 7-13.
Muhlbauer W., Olbrish R. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction // Chir Plast, 1977, Bd. 4, p. 27.
Mori H., Akita K., Hata Y. Anatomical study of innervated transverse rectus abdominis muscul ocutaneous anddeep inferior epigastric perforator flaps // Surg Radiol Anat, 2007, vol. 29, no 2, pp. 149-154.
Magarakis M., Venkat R., Dellon A.L. et al. Pilot study of breast sensation after breast reconstruction: evaluatingthe effects of radiation therapy and perforator flap neurotization on sensory recovery // Microsurgery, 2013,vol. 33, no 6, pp. 421-431.
Madden J. L. Modified radical mastectomy // Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1965, vol. 121, pp. 1221-1230.
Lehmann C., Gumener R., Montandon D. Sensibility and cutaneous reinnervation after breast reconstructionwith musculocutaneous flaps // Ann Plast Surg, 1991, vol. 26, no 4, pp. 325-327.
Lee B. T., Chen C., Nguyen M. D. et al. A new classification system for muscle and nerve preservation in DIEPflap breast reconstruction // Microsurgery, 2010, vol. 30, no 2, pp. 85-90.
Koshima I., Soeda S. Inferior epigastric artery skin flaps without rectus abdominis muscle // Brit J Plast Surg,1989, vol. 42, pp. 645-648.
Hartrampf C.R., Scheflan., Black P.W. Breast reconstruction with a transverse abdominal island flap // PlastRecostr Surg, 1982, vol. 69, pp. 216-224.
Halsted W. S. The results of operations for the cure of cancer of breast performed at John Hopkins Hospital fromJune 1889 to January 1894 // John Hopkins Hosp Rep, 1894, vol. 4, pp. 297-350.
Futter C. M. Abdominal donor site morbidity: impact of the TRAM and DIEP flap on strength and function //Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2002, vol. 16, no 1, pp. 119-130.
Fu-Chan - Wei, Mardini S. Flaps and reconstructive surgery, Saunders Publ., 2009. 638 p.
Feng L.-J. Recipient vessels in the free-flap breast reconstruction: a study of the internal mammary anthoracodorsalvessels // Plast Reconstr Surg, 1997, vol. 99, pp. 405-416.
Dayan E., Smith M., Sultan M. et al. Vascularized thoracodorsal and lateral thoracicartery - based lymphnode transfer of lymphedema; technique and case series // Abstracts of the World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, Chicago, 2013, p.156.
Dayan E., Smith M., Sultan M. et al. Developing a lymphatic surgery program in the United States: successfultreatment of lymphedema with vascularized groin lymph node transfer to the wrist using a multimodal approach// Abstracts of the World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, Chicago, 2013, p. 154.
Blondeel P. N., Demuynk M., Mete D. et al. Sensory nerve repair in perforator flaps for autologous breast reconstruction:sensational or senseless? // Brit J Plast Surg, 1999, vol. 52, no 1, pp. 37-44.
Blondeel P. N. The sensate free superior gluteal artery perforator (S-GAP) flap: a valuable alternative in autologousbreast reconstruction // Brit J Plast Surg,1999, vol. 52, no 2, pp. 185-193.
Becker C., Assouad J., Riquet M. and Hidden G. Postmastectomy lymphedema. Long-term results followingmicrosurgical lymph node transplantation //Ann Surg, 2006, vol. 243, no 3, pp. 313-315.
AllenR.J.,TuckerC.Jr. Superior gluteal artery perforator flap for breast reconstruction // Plast Reconst Surg,1995, vol. 96, no 7, pp. 1207-1212.
Sexology: a reference book on human sexuality and related fields. Pod red. M. Vornik i dr. Minsk,BelaruskajaJencyklapedyja im. Petrusja Brovki Publ.,1995. 351 p. (in Russian).
Roen J. V., Jokochi Ch., Ljut'en-Drekoll Je. The Big atlas of anatomy. - Moscow, Vneshsigma Publ., 1998, 486 p.
Egorov U. S. Breast oncology. Problems of reconstruction // Herald, 2003, no 4, pp. 19-21.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery of human breast / Kristian Dzh. Gabka, Hajnc Bomert; per. s angl.; pod obsh.red. N. O. Milanova. Moscow, MEDpressinform Publ., 2010. 360 p. (in Russian).
Graf P., Grjoner R., Brunner C. A. et al. Breast reconstruction with own tissue after mastectomy // Vopr. rekonst.plast. hir., 2005, vol. 3(14), pp. 8-11 (in Russian).
Yousif N.J., Matloub H., Kolachalam R. et al. The transver segracillis musculocutaneous flap // Ann. Past. Surg. - 1992. - V. 2, № 6. - P. 482-490.
Wechselberger G., Pulzl P., Schoeller T. The transverse myocuta neousgracillis flap: technical refinements // J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. - 2010. - V. 63, № 9. - P.711-712.
Vasely J., Stupka I., Drazan L. et al. DIEP flap reconstruction - new experience // Acta Chir. Plast. 2001, V. 43, № 1. - P. 3-6.
Tindholdt T. T., Tonseth K. A. Spontaneous reinnervation of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps after secondary breast reconstruction // Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Hand Surg. - 2008. - V. 42, № 1. - pp. 28-31.
Tansatit T., Chokrungvaranont P., Sanguansit P. et al. Neurovascular anatomy of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction // J. Med. Assoc. Thai. - 2006. - V. 89, № 10. - P. 1630-1640.
Spiegel A.J., Menn Z.K., Eldor L. et al. Breast reinnervation: DIEP neurotization using the third anterior intercostals nerve // Plast. Reconstr. Surg. - 2013. - V. 1. - Iss. 8. - P. 1/5-5/5.
32. Slezak S., McGibbon B., Dellon A. L. The sensational transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap: return of sensibility after TRAM breast reconstruction // Ann. Plast. Surg. - 1992. - V. 28, № 3. - P. 210-217.
Shridharani S. M., Magarakis M., Stapleton S. M. et al. Breast sensation after breast reconstruction: a systematic review // J. Reconstr. Microsurg. - 2010. - V. 26. - № 5. - P. 303-310.
Rozen W.M., Pan W.R., Le Roux C.M. et al. The venous anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall: an anatomical and clinical study // Plast. Reconstr. Surg. - 2009. - V. 124, № 3. - P. 848-853.
Santanelli F., Longo B., Angelini M. et al. Prospective computerized analyses of sensibility in breast reconstruction with non-innervated DIEP flap // Plast. Reconstr. Surg. - 2011. - V. 127. - № 5. - P. 1790-1795.
Peek A., Muller M., Exner K. The free gracilis perforator flap for autologous breast reconstruction // Handchir. Mikrochir. Plast. Chir. - 2002. - Bd. 34, № 4. - P. 245-250.
Puonti H.K., Jaaskelainen S.K., Hallikainen H.K, et al. A new approach to microneurovascular TRAM-flap breast reconstruction - a pilot study. // J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. - 2011. - V. 64, № 3, P. 346-352.
Place M.J., Song T., Hardesty R.A. et al. Sensory reinnervation of autologous tissue flaps after breast reconstruction // Ann. Plast. Surg. - 1997. - V. 38, № 1. - P. 19-22.
Olivari N. The latissimus dorsi flap // Brit. J. Plast. Surg. - 1976. - V. 29. - P. 127.
Patey D. H., Dyson W. H. The prognosis of carcinoma of the breast in relation to the type of operation performed // Brit. J. Cancer. - 1948. - V. 2. - P. 7-13.
Muhlbauer W., Olbrish R. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction // Chir. Plast. - 1977. - Bd. 4. - P. 27.
Mori H., Akita K., Hata Y. Anatomical study of innervated transverse rectus abdominis muscul ocutaneous and deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps // Surg. Radiol. Anat. - 2007. - V. 29, № 2. - P. 149-154.
Magarakis M., Venkat R., Dellon A.L. et al. Pilot study of breast sensation after breast reconstruction: evaluating the effects of radiation therapy and perforator flap neurotization on sensory recovery // Microsurgery. - 2013. - V. 33, № 6. - P. 421-431.
Madden J. L. Modified radical mastectomy // Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. - 1965. - V. 121. - P. 1221-1230.
Lehmann C., Gumener R., Montandon D. Sensibility and cutaneous reinnervation after breast reconstruction with musculocutaneous flaps // Ann. Plast. Surg. - 1991. - V. 26, № 4. - P. 325-327.
Lee B. T., Chen C., Nguyen M. D. et al. A new classification system for muscle and nerve preservation in DIEP flap breast reconstruction // Microsurgery. - 2010. - V. 30, № 2. - P. 85-90.
Koshima I., Soeda S. Inferior epigastric artery skin flaps without rectus abdominis muscle // Brit. J. Plast. Surg. - 1989. - V. 42. - P. 645-648.
Hartrampf C.R., Scheflan M., Black P.W. Breast reconstruction with a transverse abdominal island flap // Plast. Recostr. Surg. - 1982. - V. 69. - P. 216-224.
Halsted W. S. The results of operations for the cure of cancer of breast performed at John Hopkins Hospital from June 1889 to January 1894 // John Hopkins Hosp. Rep. - 1894. - V. 4. - P. 297-350.
Fu-Chan - Wei, Mardini S. Flaps and reconstructive surgery. - Saunders Pub.: Hardbound, 2009. - 638 p.
Futter C. M. Abdominal donor site morbidity: impact of the TRAM and DIEP flap on strength and function // Seminars in Plastic Surgery. - 2002. - V. 16, № 1. - P. 119-130.
Feng L.-J. Recipient vessels in the free-flap breast reconstruction: a study of the internal mammary anthoracodorsal vessels // Plast. Reconstr. Surg. - 1997. - V. 99. - P. 405-416.
Dayan E., Smith M., Sultan M. et al. Vascularized thoracodorsal and lateral thoracicartery-based lymph node transfer of lymphedema; technique and case series // Abstracts of the World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery. - Chicago, 2013. - P. 156. № 3(50) сентябрь 2014 Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии
Dayan E., Smith M., Sultan M. et al. Developing a lymphatic surgery program in the United States: successful treatment of lymphedema with vascularized groin lymph node transfer to the wrist using a multimodal approach // Abstracts of the World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery. - Chicago, 2013. - P. 154.
Blondeel P. N., Demuynk M., Mete D. et al. Sensory nerve repair in perforator flaps for autologous breast reconstruction: sensational or senseless? // Brit. J. Plast. Surg. - 1999. - V. 52, № 1. - P. 37-44.
Blondeel P. N. The sensate free superior gluteal artery perforator (S-GAP) flap: a valuable alternative in autologous breast reconstruction // Brit. J. Plast. Surg. - 1999. - V. 52, № 2. - P. 185-193.
Becker C., Assouad J., Riquet M., and Hidden G. Postmastectomy lymphedema. Long-term results following microsurgical lymph node transplantation // Ann. Surg. - 2006. - V. 243, № 3. - P. 313-315.
AllenR.J.,TuckerC.Jr. Superior gluteal artery perforator flap for breast reconstruction // Plast. Reconst. Surg. - 1995. - V. 96, № 7. - P. 1207-1212.
Сексология: Энциклопедический справочник по сексологии и смежным областям. Под ред. М. Ворник и др. Минск: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя им. Петруся Бровки, - 1995. - 351 с.
Роен Й. В., Йокочи Ч., Лютьен-Дреколл Э. Большой атлас по анатомии. Фотографическое описание человеческого тела. - М.: Внешсигма, 1983. - 486 с.
Пластическая и реконструктивная хирургия молочной железы / Кристиан Дж. Габка, Хайнц Бомерт; пер. с англ. / под общ. ред. Н. О. Миланова. - М.: МЕДпрессинформ, 2010. - 360 с.
Егоров Ю. С. Рак молочной железы. Проблемы реконструкции // Herald. - 2003, № 4. - P. 19-21.
Граф П., Грёнер Р., Бруннер Ц. А. и др. Реконструкция груди собственной тканью после мастэктомии // Вопросы реконст. пласт. Хирургии. - 2005. - Т. 3 (14). - С. 8-11.