Methodological tools post-non-classical psychology: transspective analysis

The scientific picture of modern psychology is a diverse conceptual and theoretical formation with different, sometimes mutually exclusive and impenetrable to each other psychological systems (ideographic and nomothetic, existential-practical, theoretical and experimental, psychotechnical and academic and, others). This diversity makes the researchers refer to the basis of scientific and psychological thinking, revising its conceptual tools. It is noted that in order to overcome this conceptual dissociation in psychology we can employ a promising system-anthropological approach, which perceives the science of psychology as an open self-developing system. Within this approach transspective analysis is one of the main methods of investigation. In the light of this approach it is argued that every science, including psychology, has a special logic of its development. This logic implies the paradigm shift of thinking in which the gradual transition from classical to non-classical and further to postnonclassical methodology of science occurs. A certain form of thinking characterizes each type of science. This article discusses three of these forms: 1. Simple psychological thinking, built on the "one-dimensional binary-classical logic". The main feature of this thinking is a division of the object of study in 2 parts: a) subjective, seen as a reflection, and b) objective, considered as reflecting. It is noted that the main category of this thinking - reflection - has exhausted its heuristic value. The disadvantage of this form of thinking is the objective approach to a person as a thing among other things. 2. Binary-ternary logic of non-classical thinking. Under this thinking becomes the basic conceptual construct of the "meaning" category. It is introduced due to an attempt to remove such contrasting classical thought as a subjective-objective, external-internal, etc. by employing this additional psychic level, mediating the opposition. The article shows that in the framework of the non-classical thinking the opposition can not be removed. That was clearly revealed by trying to find scientific grounds of phenomenological research. 3. Supercomplex thinking of postnonclassical science. The subject of this type of thinking is the holistic person whose consciousness is an emergent feature. The article provides a detailed analysis of the basic principles and constructs of supercomplex thinking. An analysis of semantic structures of human life shows that the main trend in the development of modern psychological knowledge is a synthesis of the four psychological approaches: phenomenolog-ical, narrative, existential and psychotechnical. As a methodological basis of this synthesis, we can observe the concept of a human as a unique open self-developing system.

Keywords

Authors

References