The problem of thinking in psychology: system-anthropological perspective

The article is an attempt to understand the conceptual fundamentals of existential ontology of thinking. It describes a preliminary plan of the existential-oriented thinking concept developed in the tideway of anthropological psychology. Appealing to historical starting points of psychology of thinking formation allows noting the principle of mutual contingency of thinking and existence formulated by R. Descartes which later was widely expressed in the existential-analytical anthropology (M. Heidegger, L. Binswanger, etc.). Cognitive-oriented psychological theories of thinking designed beyond the scope of this principle poorly fit the discourse of modern anthropological psychology which, in the author's opinion, more and more tends to be the language of existential analytics. Further development of thinking psychology, according to the author's conviction, must be conducted in a wider anthropological context drawing on the conceptual legacy of existential-analytical school. The idea of mutual contingency of thinking and existence can be efficiently integrated into the conceptual basis of actively forming system-anthropological psychology (V.E. Klochko, E.V. Galazhinsky, 0.M. Krasnoryadtseva, O.V. Lukyanov). The author reveals the existential situation of thinking in which a person is through an appeal to the phenomenology of "presence", "personal knowledge", "ingoing thinking", and «tense possibility", "meaning-making" if we take into consideration the wider anthropological context of the issue. The transspective analysis of the existential situation of human thinking allows: introducing the idea of incompleteness of the semantic context into a substantive field of psychology of thinking in which the formation of semantic idea occurs; considering thinking as the "movement of thought" (S.L. Rubinstein) and at the same time as the personalized "history of thought" that has an opportunity to be enriched semantically in new events of thinking. The article outlines the conceptual contours of existentially oriented psychology of thinking which pursues the explication of existential human a priori acting as a meaning-making basis of man's thinking. Existential a priori, being reflected into the human being-in-the-world, set the semantic horizon within which the referential thought constitutes. The basic method of thinking exposes in the human being-in-the-world. The author supposes that there is the sign and symbolic correspondence between the concepts shaped in thinking of a writer, an artist, a scientist (as well as any thinking person) and his being-in-the-world. This correspondence may be the subject of further development of the human thinking problem in the context of system-anthropological psychology.

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