The problem of a person's time perspective balance

During the last decade in foreign and domestic scientific works the attention to the phenomenon of psychological time and temporal perspective as a characteristic of the personality increased [13]. In modern science, we research the problem of temporal perspective in a wide range of approaches, such as affective aspects of the temporal perspective associated with the emotional attitude to the events of the past and the present (F. Simbardo, J. Boyd, M. R. Kha-chaturov, A. K. Bolotova, etc.); features of perception of the subjective time of life and its organization (K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, T.N. Berezina, L.P. Karavaeva, A.N. Afanasieva, etc.); Prospects for the future as a motivational attitude that influences the achievement of the goal (J. Nutten, V. Lens, T. Gisme, Z. Zaleski); the structure of inter-event links (E.I. Golo-vakha and A.A. Kronik, etc). This article presents the results of research of the time perspective balance problem among adults who have been engaged in business for more than 15 years and have achieved various results in their activities. The research allows us justifying the assumption that the effectiveness of the activity depends more on the balance of the amount and direction of motivational objects, which are located in the future perspective, than on the length of the time perspective. The relevance of this study is connected with the need of modern society at understanding the mechanisms influencing the effectiveness of human activity, and at understanding the resources which are necessary for successful self-realization of the individual. In total, 42 people from 40 to 70 participated in this study, including 11 women and 31 men. All participants are entrepreneurs who started their entrepreneurial activity more than 15 years ago (1990-2000). We may confirm that individuals, who operate actively and effectively, have a balanced time perspective for the amount of motivational objects and their distribution on the axis of time, while the objects have a diverse target orientation. Individuals, who operate actively but ineffectively, have an oversaturated time horizon at the number of motivational objects and the concentration of most motivational objects at the temporal zone "year", while there is a targeted focus to the problem, in this case "working activity", as a problem zone. Individuals, who failed to continue active and effective work in the chosen direction and therefore changed their direction of activity, have a depleted time perspective for the number of motivational objects, with a balanced distribution on the time axis.

Keywords

Authors

References