Orientative basis of preschool children's mutual activity

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the basic sequence of mutual activities as one of the mechanisms of organization and regulation of individual operations in mutual activities. It is shown that basic mutual activities of preschooler children reflect a program, which is a set of foreseen actions, united by a task and performed in a certain time and spatial sequence. The article confirms that in the basic part of actions the analysis of changes in the process of activity is carried out. In accordance with these changes in the reaction, the implementation of the program is regulated, and the conformity of the program and procedural process is not revealed. The article describes an empirical study. We researched how to organize mutual activity of preschool children, to identify the special features of regulatory processes' arbitrariness that embodies in mutual activity through the main links of self-regulation system (orientation, planning, programming, modeling, evaluation of results). We have analyzed the basic sequence of mutual activities of preschoolers as one of the all-embracing mechanisms for coordinating the individual activity and the requirements of mutual activity. We have marked the indicators of the basic sequence of activities, which are formed by combinations of generality, completeness, and the method of obtaining an orientative basis. These indicators have an impact on the effectiveness of mutual activities. We have obtained the structure of preschool children's mutual activity. It includes several blocks, such as a block of orientative basis for mutual activities, a block of modeling, programming and retaining mutual executive actions, a block of motivational interest and control of mutual activity coordination. The block of orientative basis for mutual activities includes the informational basis of control and the reverse afference of funds allocation and coordination of mutual activities, through which the coordination of operational and technical aspects of activity with objective values of the problem situation components is achieved. The group's orientation in mutual activity in terms of its psychological content is a process of researching the conditions of forthcoming mutual activity and designing the means of its successful execution. The basic sequence of mutual activity acts as a structural part of this activity, directing and realizing the processes of interaction and coordination of actions. The research confirms the contradictions associated with the need of reflecting the role of basic sequence of activities in operational planning in the context of mutual activities in setting tasks of different levels of novelty, complexity and uncertainty. The orientative part of a group's mutual activity (orientation) has been studied from the point of view of rethinking and expanding the notion of social and psychological criteria of effectiveness and ways to optimize the process of mutual activities integration with the criteria for voluntary regulation of activities. The obtained data confirm that based on the analysis of the orientation content, it is possible to reliably predict the progress and effectiveness of the forthcoming mutual activities of groups, to select and complete the groups for performing complex practical tasks.

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